Risk factors for mild cognitive impairment among Mexican Americans

O’Bryant, Sid; Johnson, Leigh; Reisch, Joan; Edwards, Melissa; Hall, James; Barber, Robert C.; Devous, Michael D.; Royall, Donald R.; Singh, Meharvan

doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2012.12.007

Cited by 92 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Whereas the host of apparent contradictions with these amyloid PET probes may explain the difficulty in interpreting these images and the multiple restrictions imposed on their utilization in clinical practice [53] at issue is not only the utility of these imaging agents, however, but also the interpretation of their brain imaging signals as predictable and consistent markers of Aβ brain deposition. It has been argued [103] that potential factors that affect the reported relationship between in vivo amyloid imaging and CERAD-based neuropathological assessments may be methodological based on (a) CERAD's semi-quantitative assessment of Aβ, (b) the presence of different forms of Aβ, and (c) imaging–pathologic assessment intervals.…”

Section: Neuropathological Correlates Of Amyloid-specific Pet Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral amyloid PET imaging in Alzheimer’s disease

2013

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The devastating effects of the still incurable Alzheimer's disease (AD) project an ever increasing shadow of burden on the health care system and society in general. In this ominous context, amyloid (Aβ) imaging is considered by many of utmost importance for progress towards earlier AD diagnosis and for potential development of effective therapeutic interventions. Amyloid imaging positron emission tomography procedures offer the opportunity for accurate mapping and quantification of amyloid-Aβ neuroaggregate deposition in the living brain of AD patients. This review analyzes the perceived value of current Aβ imaging probes and their clinical utilization and, based on amyloid imaging results, offers a hypothesis on the effects of amyloid deposition on the biology of AD and its progression. It also analyzes lingering questions permeating the field of amyloid imaging on the apparent contradictions between imaging results and known neuropathology brain regional deposition of Aβ aggregates. As a result, the review also discusses literature evidence as to whether brain Aβ deposition is truly visualized and measured with these amyloid imaging agents, which would have significant implications in the understanding of the biological AD cascade and in the monitoring of therapeutic interventions with these surrogate Aβ markers.

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Section: Neuropathological Correlates Of Amyloid-specific Pet Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral amyloid PET imaging in Alzheimer’s disease

2013

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“…Finally, a joint article recently published by the AA and Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging provides appropriate use criteria for PET amyloid imaging in a narrow subset of patients in clinical non-research settings. This patient subset includes criteria such as early onset progressive dementia, atypical clinical course, or an etiologically mixed presentation 52 .…”

Section: Current Use Of Mr Imaging In Clinical Management Of Late-lifmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predictors of Treatment Response in Late-Life Depression

Aizenstein

Khalaf

Walker

et al. 2013

J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol

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In older adults, depression not only results in more years lived with disability than any other disease, but it also carries additional risk for suicide, medical comorbidities, and family care-giving burden. Because it can take many months to identify an effective treatment regimen, it is of upmost importance to shorten the window of time and identify early on what medication(s) and dosages will work effectively for individuals suffering from depression. Late-life depression (LLD) has been associated with greater burden of age-related changes, including atrophy, white matter ischemic changes, and alterations in functional connectivity (FC). Depression in midlife has been shown to alter affective reactivity and regulation, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in LLD have replicated the same abnormalities. Effective treatment can normalize these alterations. This article provides a review of the current literature using structural and functional neuroimaging to identify magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) predictors of treatment response in LLD. The majority of the literature on structural MRI has focused on the vascular depression hypothesis, and studies support the view that loss of brain volume and white matter integrity is associated with poorer treatment outcomes. Studies using fMRI have reported that lower task-based activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and limbic regions is associated with poorer outcome. These imaging markers may be integrated into clinical decision-making to better treatment outcomes in the future.

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“…The most common risk factors for developing MCI among this population include diabetes, depression, stroke, and obesity [4, 7-10]. In fact, in our work, depression has been found to be the only consistent risk factor for MCI among Mexican Americans [4, 6] and has been associated with worse cognitive functioning. Cardiovascular conditions and depression are both independently linked to the development of dementia and are a common comorbidity in older individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…In 2050, the number of Hispanics over the age of 65 years will triple [1] and the rate of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) will increase by six-fold [2]. Research indicates that Mexican Americans are at increased risk for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD [2], suffer from a disproportionate burden of modifiable risk factors [3], are diagnosed at more advanced stages of the disease [4, 5], and develop MCI and AD at younger ages [6] than non-Hispanic whites. The most common risk factors for developing MCI among this population include diabetes, depression, stroke, and obesity [4, 7-10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evidence suggests that vascular disease is the underlying link between depression and dementia [39], though further research is needed to elucidate this pathway to dementia. Additionally, most of this research has been conducted in non-Hispanic whites, despite the fact that researchers have evidence to suggest that Mexican Americans have a higher cardiovascular burden [40, 41], higher rates of depression [4, 7, 19], and develop AD at younger ages [6]. Thus, the goal of this study was to contribute to the literature by examining the relationship between vascular risk factors, depression, and cognitive performance in Mexican Americans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vascular Depression and Cognition in Mexican Americans

Johnson¹,

Large

Munoz

et al. 2019

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Background: Mexican Americans are at increased risk of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease compared to non-Hispanic whites. This study sought to examine the relationship between vascular risk, depression, and cognition in Mexican American elders. Methods: Data from 470 (390 normal controls, 80 MCI patients) Mexican Americans enrolled in the Health and Aging Brain among Latino Elders (HABLE) study were used. The cardiovascular risk was assessed by the Framingham Risk Score. Cognition was assessed with a neuropsychological battery, and depression was assessed based on scores from the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). ANOVAs were utilized to determine the differences in neuropsychological scores of normal controls with and without depression and CVD risk (low vs. high). Follow-up logistic regression was conducted to determine MCI risk. Results: The results of this study indicated that comorbid depression and a high CVD risk were associated with poorer cognitive performance in Mexican Americans. Depressed women with high CVD risk were more likely to have executive dysfunction, language deficits, and poorer global cognition than nondepressed women with a high CVD risk. In Mexican American men, those with a high vascular risk and depression were more likely to have executive dysfunction and poorer immediate memory than the nondepressed high-risk group. Higher GDS scores (OR = 1.10; 95% CI 1.02–1.10, p = 0.001) and higher vascular risk scores (OR = 1.05; 95% CI 1.02–1.10, p = 0.001) significantly predicted MCI status in Mexican Americans. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that comorbid depression and a high CVD risk were associated with poorer cognitive performance and increased risk of MCI in Mexican Americans.

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Risk factors for mild cognitive impairment among Mexican Americans

Cited by 92 publications

References 53 publications

Cerebral amyloid PET imaging in Alzheimer’s disease

Cerebral amyloid PET imaging in Alzheimer’s disease

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predictors of Treatment Response in Late-Life Depression

Vascular Depression and Cognition in Mexican Americans

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