Risk factors for monoinfections and coinfections with HIV, 
hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses in northern Spanish 
prisoners

Pallás, José Ramón; Fariñas‐Álvarez, Concepción; Prieto, Dolores; Llorca, Javier; Delgado-Rodrı́guez, Miguel

doi:10.1017/s0950268899002538

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 51 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A similar association has been reported in a study conducted among IDUs in Spain. 36 Several authors have discussed tattooing as a mode of HCV and HIV transmission. [37][38][39] Other studies have noted a high prevalence of tattoos among anti-HCV positive patients with chronic hepatic disease 40 and among persons attending HIV In this study we found that sex with a casual or commercial sex partner without using condoms was not associated with HCV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Correlates of Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Street-Recruited Injection Drug Users in San Juan, Puerto Rico

Reyes

Colón²,

Robles³

et al. 2006

J Urban Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Throughout the world, injection drug users (IDUs) are the group at highest risk for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. IDUs residing in the island of Puerto Rico and Puerto Rican IDUs residing in the U.S. mainland have been shown to be at very high risk of infection with HIV. However, the extent to which HCV infection has spread among IDUs in Puerto Rico is not yet known. The aims of this study were to estimate seroprevalence of HCV and to identify the correlates associated with HCV transmission. The sample was drawn through street outreach strategies and was comprised of 400 injection drug users not in treatment, living in the San Juan metropolitan area. HCV and HIV infection were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the results were confirmed by Western blot. Information on sociodemographics, drug use patterns, and risk behaviors was obtained through structured interviews. Bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess covariates of infection with HCV. The prevalence of HCV infection was 89%. After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, HCV infection was positively associated with increasing years of injection, injecting in a shooting gallery, tattooing in prison, and self-reported STD infection. Notably, IDUs who had initiated drug injection within the year prior to the study interview had an HCV infection rate of 57%. This study indicates that more aggressive educational programs are urgently needed to reduce the spread of HCV infection among IDUs in Puerto Rico.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Correlates of Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Street-Recruited Injection Drug Users in San Juan, Puerto Rico

Reyes

Colón²,

Robles³

et al. 2006

J Urban Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since tattooing in jail or prison is generally performed using non-sterile equipment such as paper clips and guitar strings, it is not surprising that this practice would be a risk factor for acquisition of bloodborne pathogens, as has been seen in Spain [23]. In other countries, HCV infection has been associated with folk medicine practices, tattooing, body piercing and commercial barbering [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between heroin use, needle sharing and tattoos received in prison with hepatitis B and C positivity among street-recruited injecting drug users in New Mexico, USA

et al. 2001

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence and risk factors for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and HIV-1 infections among injecting drug users (IDU) in New Mexico. Serological and behavioural surveys were conducted in conjunction with street-based outreach, education and HIV counselling and testing. High rates of antibody positivity for HCV (82.2%) and HBV (61.1%), and a low rate for HIV (0.5%) were found. In multivariate analyses, both HBV and HCV infection were positively associated with increasing age, increasing years of injection and heroin use. Receipt of a tattoo in prison/jail was associated with HBV (odds ratio = 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.4, 3.8) and HCV (OR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.6, 7.5) infections. Prevention of bloodborne pathogens among IDUs should focus on young users, early in their drug use experience. Studies examining the relationship between tattooing and HBV and HCV infection are needed as are efforts to promote sterile tattooing, in prisons and elsewhere.

show abstract

“…In particular, while the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that about 3% of the world's population has been infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV), [37] estimates of the prevalence of HCV in prisons range from 4.8% in an Indian jail [38] to 92% in two prisons in northern Spain [39,40]. …”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV and incarceration: prisons and detention

Jürgens¹,

Nowak²,

Day³

2011

Journal of the International AIDS Society

123

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The high prevalence of HIV infection among prisoners and pre-trial detainees, combined with overcrowding and sub-standard living conditions sometimes amounting to inhuman or degrading treatment in violation of international law, make prisons and other detention centres a high risk environment for the transmission of HIV. Ultimately, this contributes to HIV epidemics in the communities to which prisoners return upon their release. We reviewed the evidence regarding HIV prevalence, risk behaviours and transmission in prisons. We also reviewed evidence of the effectiveness of interventions and approaches to reduce the risk behaviours and, consequently, HIV transmission in prisons.A large number of studies report high levels of risk behaviour in prisons, and HIV transmission has been documented. There is a large body of evidence from countries around the world of what prison systems can do to prevent HIV transmission. In particular, condom distribution programmes, accompanied by measures to prevent the occurrence of rape and other forms of non-consensual sex, needle and syringe programmes and opioid substitution therapies, have proven effective at reducing HIV risk behaviours in a wide range of prison environments without resulting in negative consequences for the health of prison staff or prisoners.The introduction of these programmes in prisons is therefore warranted as part of comprehensive programmes to address HIV in prisons, including HIV education, voluntary HIV testing and counselling, and provision of antiretroviral treatment for HIV-positive prisoners. In addition, however, action to reduce overcrowding and improve conditions in detention is urgently needed.

show abstract

Risk factors for monoinfections and coinfections with HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses in northern Spanish prisoners

Cited by 22 publications

References 51 publications

Prevalence and Correlates of Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Street-Recruited Injection Drug Users in San Juan, Puerto Rico

Prevalence and Correlates of Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Street-Recruited Injection Drug Users in San Juan, Puerto Rico

Association between heroin use, needle sharing and tattoos received in prison with hepatitis B and C positivity among street-recruited injecting drug users in New Mexico, USA

HIV and incarceration: prisons and detention

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About