Risk Factors for Myopia: Putting Causal Pathways into a Social Context

Morgan, Ian G.; French, Amanda; Rose, Kathryn A.

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-8491-2_6

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 188 publications

(208 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Studies from other countries have shown varying results but older studies tend to report higher prevalences among males while in more recent cohorts, girls are more likely to be myopic than boys as also reported in the recent Polish study (Czepita et al 2019). This change is likely mediated by social factors such as better access to education for women in more recent years (Morgan et al 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myopia prevalence in Denmark – a review of 140 years of myopia research

Hansen

Hvid-Hansen

Jacobsen

et al. 2020

Acta Ophthalmologica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose To evaluate potential changes in myopia prevalence in Denmark by revising more than 100 years of myopia research. Methods A systematic literature search was performed in the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases. Only studies reporting a myopia prevalence in Denmark were included. Myopia was defined using the definition in individual references. We did not restrict inclusion of studies to specific methods of measuring or evaluating refraction. As refraction changes throughout life, information from available studies was divided in relevant age groups. Chi‐squared test was used when analysing the effect of sex and education on myopia prevalence except when the expected values were beneath 5, where Fisher’s exact test was used. To further compare the effect of sex, we calculated the odds ratio of being myopic for females compared to males. Results We identified 29 Danish studies reporting on prevalence of myopia. The studies were performed between year 1882 and 2018. We found no strong evidence of an increase in myopia prevalence in Denmark. Increasing age was associated with an increased myopia prevalence up to the age of 60 years where after the prevalence decreased. Longer education and more intensive educational load were associated with myopia. Fourteen studies compared the prevalence of myopia between males and females and two of these studies found a significant higher prevalence in females. Conclusion We evaluated nearly 140 years of myopia research in Denmark and did not find a convincing change in prevalence of myopia which is in contrast to the high prevalence of myopia reported in some parts of the world and the expected rise in myopia as predicted by WHO.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myopia prevalence in Denmark – a review of 140 years of myopia research

Hansen

Hvid-Hansen

Jacobsen

et al. 2020

Acta Ophthalmologica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“… 117 However, the number of myopic parents appears to have a lower predictive value for the development and progression of childhood myopia in some studies 118 , 119 with the amount of myopia in the family having stronger predictive value. 10 , 120 The effect of parental myopia on myopia in their offsprings may not be taken as proof for a genetic contribution to myopia, since the correlation might also be the result of a shared lifestyle 121 and their higher education. 71 However, parental myopia was associated with a greater risk of early-onset myopia in a recent study.…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some recent studies have documented significant associations between myopia and digital screen time. 49 , 53 , 121 , 166 , 167 However, a recent systematic review found mixed results. 168 It has to be taken into account that digital devices may favour indoor lifestyles, and it has remained elusive whether it was a primary or secondary effect.…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update and guidance on management of myopia. European Society of Ophthalmology in cooperation with International Myopia Institute

Németh

Tapasztó

Aclimandos

et al. 2021

European Journal of Ophthalmology

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The prevalence of myopia is increasing extensively worldwide. The number of people with myopia in 2020 is predicted to be 2.6 billion globally, which is expected to rise up to 4.9 billion by 2050, unless preventive actions and interventions are taken. The number of individuals with high myopia is also increasing substantially and pathological myopia is predicted to become the most common cause of irreversible vision impairment and blindness worldwide and also in Europe. These prevalence estimates indicate the importance of reducing the burden of myopia by means of myopia control interventions to prevent myopia onset and to slow down myopia progression. Due to the urgency of the situation, the European Society of Ophthalmology decided to publish this update of the current information and guidance on management of myopia. The pathogenesis and genetics of myopia are also summarized and epidemiology, risk factors, preventive and treatment options are discussed in details.

show abstract

“…8,9 The rise in myopia prevalence in the last decade is caused by many lifestyle and behavioural changes. 10 For instance, spending less time outdoors is an established risk factor; the role of prolonged near work is still debated but many reports conclude an association. [11][12][13] These environmental factors may also explain that children growing up in urban areas are more often myopic than those growing up in rural areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smartphone Use Associated with Refractive Error in Teenagers

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

show abstract

Risk Factors for Myopia: Putting Causal Pathways into a Social Context

Cited by 16 publications

References 188 publications

Myopia prevalence in Denmark – a review of 140 years of myopia research

Myopia prevalence in Denmark – a review of 140 years of myopia research

Update and guidance on management of myopia. European Society of Ophthalmology in cooperation with International Myopia Institute

Smartphone Use Associated with Refractive Error in Teenagers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About