Risk factors for osteoporosis in men

Abstract

We evaluated the risk factors for osteoporosis in men. The subjects of this study consisted of 686 healthy middle-aged (40-59 years) men who had undergone bone mineral density (BMD) measurement and medical examination, including physical strength. BMD of L2-4 was measured at the anterior-posterior position, using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Physical investigations, such as height, weight, and physical strength, were carried out on the examination day. Details of tobacco and alcohol consumption, exercise, and food intake were described on a questionnaire completed by the subjects. Sixty-five (9.5%) of the 686 subjects had a BMD less than 2.5 SD below the peak bone mass (PBM), 182 (26.5%) had a BMD between 1 SD and 2.5 SD below the PBM; and 439 (64.0%) had a BMD no less than 1 SD below the PBM. Body mass index (BMI) and leg strength were significant positive determinants of BMD, and smoking was a significant negative determinant on multiple regression analysis, with a coefficient of determination of 9.5%. Calcium intake, exercise, and alcohol consumption were not significant determinants of BMD. These results suggest that poor lifestyle behaviors (i.e., smoking) accelerate the reduction of bone density.

Age influences anthropometric and fitness-related predictors of bone mineral in men

“…Muscular strength relates to bone mineral in men in some [19][20][21][30][31][32][33][34], but not all [34,35], studies. The findings of this study show that knee extensor strength consistently positively related to bone mineral in middle-age men, but not older men; however, the association between bone mineral and muscular strength is confounded by BFLM.…”

Inclusion of tobacco exposure as a predictive factor for decreased bone mineral content

“…Subjects exposed to tobacco, both actively and passively, have been found to be at increased risk for many health problems, including decreased bone mass and increased risk of osteoporotic fractures (Blum et al, 2002;Izumotani et al, 2003;OrtegoCenteno et al, 1997). Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and fragility of the bones, with an attendant increase in the risk of fracture.…”

“…Although tobacco exposure has been implicated as a risk factor for osteoporosis in some populations (Blum et al, 2002;Izumotani et al, 2003;OrtegoCenteno et al, 1997), it has not been included consistently in multivariate regression models. The availability of BMC, as determined by DXA in a large U.S. probability sample in conjunction with serum cotinine, a well-accepted marker for tobacco exposure, and other factors believed to be associated with low BMC provides an opportunity to obtain a fuller picture of the tobacco-BMC relationship.…”

Suitability of Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase Type 5b as a Screening Marker for Bone Mineral Density in Community-Dwelling Elderly Individuals

“…We also showed that TRAP-5b was negatively correlated with Ca in women (β = −0.059, P = 0.039). Because it is well known that ALP is a classical marker for osteoid formation and calcification, and that Ca is important to maintain bone density and is lost with aging especially in women (Hannan et al 2000;Izumotani et al 2003;Meier et al 2005;Lanham-New 2008;Hien et al 2008), our present results suggest that TRAP-5b is a sensitive marker for screening for BMD in the general population of elderly individuals, especially women.…”