Risk factors for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica infection in senegalese broiler-chicken flocks

Cardinale, Éric; Tall, F.; Guèye, El Hadj Fallou; Cissé, M.F.; Salvat, Gilles

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2004.03.002

Cited by 52 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The only litter used was pine shavings. Different materials are used as broiler litter in intensive broiler production systems around the world [4], [7], [9], [24], [29], [30]. Often it is plant-origin by-products of other industries (forestry or food crop production), as in the case of pine shavings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, if Salmonella is present in the litter, the birds are exposed at a time when they are highly susceptible. In fact, the presence of Salmonella in the grow-out house, specifically in the litter, prior to placement of a new flock and contamination of the previous flock reared in the house have been shown to be precursors of higher Salmonella frequencies in the new flock at later stages of the production continuum [5]–[7]. We have also observed that higher Salmonella contamination of the litter at the time of flock placement was associated with increased probability of Salmonella detection on broiler carcasses from the flock at the post-chill point in processing [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Salmonella in Broiler Litter and Properties of Soil at Farm Location

2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Contamination of litter in a broiler grow-out house with Salmonella prior to placement of a new flock has been shown to be a precursor of the flock's Salmonella contamination further down the production continuum. In the southern USA, broiler grow-out houses are primarily built on dirt pad foundations that are placed directly on top of the native soil surface. Broiler litter is placed directly on the dirt pad. Multiple grow-out flocks are reared on a single litter batch, and the litter is kept in the houses during downtime between flocks. The effects of environmental determinants on conditions in broiler litter, hence Salmonella ecology within it, has received limited attention. In a field study that included broiler farms in the states of Alabama, Mississippi and Texas we assessed Salmonella in broiler litter at the end of downtime between flocks, i.e. at the time of placement of a new flock for rearing. Here we utilized these results and the U.S. General Soil Map (STATSGO) data to test if properties of soil at farm location impacted the probability of Salmonella detection in the litter. The significance of soil properties as risk factors was tested in multilevel regression models after accounting for possible confounding differences among the farms, the participating broiler complexes and companies, and the farms' geographical positioning. Significant associations were observed between infiltration and drainage capabilities of soil at farm location and probability of Salmonella detection in the litter.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella in Broiler Litter and Properties of Soil at Farm Location

2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On the other hand, lack of basic hygiene measures, such as the use of separate boots for each chicken house or use of a footbath, washing hands before entering buildings, and the use of overalls by visitors, are reported as risk factors associated with the introduction of other poultry diseases, such as salmonellosis, campylobacter infections and coccidiosis (Cardinale et al., 2004; Graat et al., 1998; van de Giessen et al., 1996). To heighten the hygienic status is considered important to reduce not only AI infection but also other poultry diseases as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for the Introduction of Avian Influenza Virus into Commercial Layer Chicken Farms During the Outbreaks Caused by a Low‐Pathogenic H5N2 Virus in Japan in 2005

Nishiguchi

Kobayashi

Yamamoto

et al. 2007

Zoonoses and Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Avian influenza outbreaks caused by a low-pathogenic H5N2 virus occurred in Japan from June to December 2005. All 41 affected farms housed layer chickens. Therefore, we conducted a case-control study targeting all commercial layer chicken farms within the movement restriction areas in Ibaraki prefecture, where most outbreaks were detected, to investigate the risk factors for the introduction of avian influenza virus (AIV). Four variables were identified as risk factors associated with the introduction of AIV by multivariate logistic regression: 'introduction of end-of-lay chickens ' (odds ratio (OR) = 36.6), 'sharing of farm equipment among farms' (OR = 29.4), 'incomplete hygiene measures of farm visitors on shoes, clothes and hands' (OR = 7.0), and 'direct distance to the nearest case farm' (0-500 m, OR = 8.6; 500-1000 m, OR = 0.8; 1000-1500 m, OR = 20.1; referenced more than 1500 m). We fully believe that strict biosecurity measures should be applied against any incursion points so as not to introduce AIV into more farms.

show abstract

“…Many of these infections were non-zoonotic or involved mild infection in humans (e.g. ND, Fowl cholera) and outbreaks due mostly to salmonella or campylobacter from backyard poultry to humans rarely cause human death and often go undetected or under-recognized in developing countries [98,99]. Thirdly, it is thought that in developed countries commercial operations or farms that practice good biosecurity have fairly low transmission from backyard flocks [62].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosecurity measures for backyard poultry in developing countries: a systematic review

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundPoultry represents an important sector in animal production, with backyard flocks representing a huge majority, especially in the developing countries. In these countries, villagers raise poultry to meet household food demands and as additional sources of incomes. Backyard production methods imply low biosecurity measures and high risk of infectious diseases, such as Newcastle disease or zoonosis such as Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI).We reviewed literature on biosecurity practices for prevention of infectious diseases, and published recommendations for backyard poultry and assessed evidence of their impact and feasibility, particularly in developing countries. Documents were sourced from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) website, and from Pubmed and Google databases.ResultsA total of 62 peer-reviewed and non-referred documents were found, most of which were published recently (after 2004) and focused on HPAI/H5N1-related biosecurity measures (64%). Recommendations addressed measures for flock management, feed and water management, poultry trade and stock change, poultry health management and the risk to humans. Only one general guideline was found for backyard poultry-related biosecurity; the other documents were drawn up for specific developing settings and only engaged their authors (e.g. consultants). These national guidelines written by consultants generated recommendations regarding measures derived from the highest standards of commercial poultry production. Although biosecurity principles of isolation and containment are described in most documents, only a few documents were found on the impact of measures in family poultry settings and none gave any evidence of their feasibility and effectiveness for backyard poultry.ConclusionsGiven the persistent threat posed by HPAI/H5N1 to humans in developing countries, our findings highlight the importance of encouraging applied research toward identifying sustained and adapted biosecurity measures for smallholder poultry flocks in low-income countries.

show abstract

Risk factors for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica infection in senegalese broiler-chicken flocks

Cited by 52 publications

References 26 publications

Salmonella in Broiler Litter and Properties of Soil at Farm Location

Salmonella in Broiler Litter and Properties of Soil at Farm Location

Risk Factors for the Introduction of Avian Influenza Virus into Commercial Layer Chicken Farms During the Outbreaks Caused by a Low‐Pathogenic H5N2 Virus in Japan in 2005

Biosecurity measures for backyard poultry in developing countries: a systematic review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About