Risk Factors for Severity in Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019

Tsabouri, Sophia; Makis, Alexandros; Kosmeri, Chrysoula; Siomou, Ekaterini

doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2020.07.014

Cited by 115 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…A number of factors may account for those differences. Several studies have reported a variety of comorbidities including overweight, asthma and ethnic origin black or Asian, and minority ethnic (BAME) groups as risk factors for MIS-C ( 1 ). These conditions are independently associated with Vitamin D (vit D) deficiency and that could be a possible explication for higher MIS-C incidence in these children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D in Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)

et al. 2021

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Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare but devastating complication of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). The development of prognostic biomarkers and more importantly the implementation of new treatment modalities would have a significant impact in clinical practice regarding the outcome of MIS-C. Vitamin D could be a potential candidate. In this mini review we analyze the immunomodulatory role of vitamin D in viral infections and specifically in COVID-19. We also examine the current literature regarding the association of vitamin D with MIS-C and Kawasaki disease. The vitamin D was evaluated not only as a biomarker but also as a nutritional supplement. We concluded that vitamin D levels could be valuable in predicting severe forms of MIS-C and correction of abnormal levels in severe MIS-C may influences its evolution. 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] supplementation raising serum [25(OH)D] concentrations potentially have a favorable effect in reducing the severity of MIS-C in certain circumstances. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D in Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)

et al. 2021

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“…Temporal and epidemiologic evidence suggests that MIS-C is strongly associated with SARS-CoV-2, though causality has not been confirmed [3]. Most cases of MIS-C have been RT-PCR negative but antibody positive, indicating prior infection [3,[5][6]. Interestingly, our case demonstrates a rapid progression of symptoms from the time the patient originally tested positive to the time she tested negative (with antibodies) two days later, in support of the theory that MIS-C is a postinfectious inflammatory immune dysregulation [3,[5][6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case of COVID-19 Mimicking Acute Appendicitis in Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome

Martin¹,

Otto²,

Smith³

2021

Cureus

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“…28,30,31 Children could also develop intussusception and diabetic ketoacidosis. 28,32 A subset of pediatric patients also develop potentially fatal multisystem inflammation with features of shock and multiorgan failure, Kawasaki disease-like features, cytokine storm with increase in IL-6 levels, macrophage activation, increase in inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, B-type natriuretic peptide, and troponin-T. 33,34 As noted previously, exaggerated immune response can be a key component of COVID-19 pathogenesis. The immune system undergoes significant changes from birth to adulthood, and the immune system of younger children is different from that of the older children who have similar immune system as the adults.…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Sars-cov-2 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Review of Current Vaccine Development Strategies to Prevent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

et al. 2020

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak that started in Wuhan, China, in 2019 resulted in a pandemic not seen for a century, and there is an urgent need to develop safe and efficacious vaccines. The scientific community has made tremendous efforts to understand the disease, and unparalleled efforts are ongoing to develop vaccines and treatments. Toxicologists and pathologists are involved in these efforts to test the efficacy and safety of vaccine candidates. Presently, there are several SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in clinical trials, and the pace of vaccine development has been highly accelerated to meet the urgent need. By 2021, efficacy and safety data from clinical trials are expected, and potentially a vaccine will be available for those most at risk. This review focuses on the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development efforts with emphasis on the nonclinical safety assessment and discusses emerging preliminary data from nonclinical and clinical studies. It also provides a brief overview on vaccines for other coronaviruses, since experience gained from these can be useful in the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. This review will also explain why, despite this unprecedented pace of vaccine development, rigorous standards are in place to ensure nonclinical and clinical safety and efficacy.

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Risk Factors for Severity in Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019

Cited by 115 publications

References 78 publications

Vitamin D in Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)

Vitamin D in Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)

A Case of COVID-19 Mimicking Acute Appendicitis in Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome

Review of Current Vaccine Development Strategies to Prevent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

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