Risk Factors For The Occurrence of Low Birth Weight Based on Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women With Upper Arm Circumference

Background: Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) is due to multiple gestations and reproductive-assisted techniques. Neonatal complications mainly arise in infants with VLBW and Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW). The main objective was to study the risk factors associated with VLBW and to conduct a meta-analysis. Methods: A meta-analysis was done to present the most recent risk variables for VLBW. Electronic databases were searched for information on the suggested topic. Using STATA version 14, the relevant data was extracted, and statistical analysis was conducted. Results: A total number of 112 studies have been conducted on the topic of VLBW worldwide from 2000 to 2020. Information from many parts of the world was evaluated in which GDP or per capita income, age, and education were followed in prominent regions of the world. As GDP and education level improved, the nutritional status also improved. Fifteen studies have been identified, with five meeting the inclusion criteria for the metanalysis of VLBW <1500g in developing countries. Illiteracy, poverty, mother occupation, hypocalcemia, and hypoglycemia were the common risk factors of VLBW (<0.05). Conclusion: It was identified that per-capita GDP is inversely proportional to VLBW throughout the world. VLBW in America was found to be significant when compared with central Europe (<0.005), similarly with Southern Europe (<0.03), Northern Europe (<0.00001), Asia (<0.0001), and Africa (<0.0001). Unlike per capita GDP, VLBW was insignificantly related to maternal age in all regions except Africa, where VLBW was significantly associated with maternal age (p<0.0001). In developing countries, illiteracy, poverty, mother occupation, hypocalcemia, and hypoglycemia are the common risk factors for VLBW (<0.05) as the complications related to VLBW are at a high-risk rate, so it is recommended that VLBW babies require special care at the time of birth, especially in poor economic countries.

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“…Age is a significant factor in determining LBW. Healthy young women showed a balanced diet for developing fetuses [21].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors Associated with Very Low Birth Weight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Hussain

Adil

2022

IJIST

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“…Mothers who took food less than two times had a 2 times higher chance of delivering LBW babies [ 15 ]. In another study, the nutritional status of pregnant women revealed that mothers who had experienced malnutrition during their pregnancies were more likely to give birth to underweight children [ 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors Associated With Low-Birth-Weight Babies in Tertiary Health Care Facilities in Lahore, Pakistan: A Case-Control Study

Bajwa,

Siddiqui,

Awais

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Introduction Low birth weight (LBW) is a well-known contributing factor to neonatal health, emphasizing the importance of maternal health and socio-economic conditions. The birth weight of a newborn is a major public health problem, which is more common in low-middle-income countries (LMICs). Objective The objective of this study is to assess the association of different socio-economic and maternal factors with LBW babies in Lahore. Methods This case-control study was carried out at the Obstetrics and Gynecological Department in Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan from September 25, 2023 to December 31, 2023. A total of 186 mothers who delivered in the maternity ward, categorized into two groups (93 cases and 93 controls), were included and data was collected with the help of a self-administered structured tool. A chi-square test was used to identify maternal risk factors significant for LBW babies. The strength of association between maternal risk factors and LBW babies was presented using the odds ratio (OR) with the respective 95% confidence interval (CI). Results The study revealed that maternal anemia [OR: 3.378, 95% CI: 1.568, 7.275] and inadequate nutritional status [OR: 1.031, 95% CI: 0.014, 0.071] were more likely to cause delivery of LBW babies. Regarding socio-demographic factors, household income < 25000 [OR: 5.185, 95% CI: 2.770, 9.707] and illiterate mothers [OR: 3.325, 95% CI: 1.820, 6.074] were associated with increased likelihood of LBW babies. Maternal age < 20 had a strong association [OR: 10.920, 95% CI: 2.455,48.575] with delivery of LBW children. Conclusion The study concludes that multiple risk factors including anemia, inadequate nutritional status, household income < 25000, illiterate mother, and maternal age < 20 are strongly associated with LBW babies. It is apparent that a multimodal strategy is necessary to reduce the risk of LBW babies.

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“…Pregnant women who suffered from chronic lack of energy and babies born with LBW will cause growth and development disorders. [23][24] The risk of growth restriction would be exacerbated if the incidence of malnutrition in the fetus was followed by inadequate food intake in the first two years of life. 21 Research conducted by Aobama and Purwito shows that mothers who had a history of CED during pregnancy will affect the growth process of the baby in the womb.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Determinants of Stunting Incidence in Children Aged 24-59 Months

Putri¹,

Sebba²,

Asmuni³

2022

JIKM

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Majene Regency has the second highest prevalence of stunting in West Sulawesi by having the highest number of cases found in the village of Rangas. Due to these reasons, it is necessary to research the determinants of stunting, so the studies are expected to provide input to the Majene district government in conducting interventions related to stunting. A case-control study design was used. The subjects were the children aged 12-59 months who lived in the Rangas Village which the children under five years diagnosed stunting based on measurements from the Nutrition Executors (NE) of the Public Health Center. Meanwhile, the controls were children under five years who had not been diagnosed stunting based on measurements from the Nutrition Executors (NE) of the Public Health Center. The samples were 72 respondents with a ratio of 1:1, and the under-five children's mothers as the research respondents. Purposive sampling was used. The stunting data was obtained from the health office, while the identity of the respondents, the characteristics of the mothers, and the characteristics of the children under five years were carried out directly by interview using a questionnaire and strengthened by Mother and Child Health (MCH) Book. Data analysis used the chi-Square test and multiple logistic regression tests. Multivariate analysis results showed that the incidence of stunting was influenced by several factors, including parity (OR=30.40; 95%CI: 3.86-239.43), Maternal Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) history < 23.5 cm during pregnancy (OR=2.41; 95%CI: 1.04-5.56) and not exclusive breastfeeding (OR=3.21; 95%CI: 1.29-7.94). The conclusion of this study is parity, a history of maternal MUAC during pregnancy, and not exclusive breastfeeding are risk factors for stunting in children under five years in Banggai District. Therefore, it is necessary to improvement of health promotion strategy for pregnant women by maximizing the first 1000 days of life and campaign two healthy children needs to be maximized.

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Risk Factors For The Occurrence of Low Birth Weight Based on Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women With Upper Arm Circumference

Cited by 3 publications

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Risk Factors Associated with Very Low Birth Weight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Risk Factors Associated with Very Low Birth Weight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Risk Factors Associated With Low-Birth-Weight Babies in Tertiary Health Care Facilities in Lahore, Pakistan: A Case-Control Study

The Determinants of Stunting Incidence in Children Aged 24-59 Months

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