Risk factors for the occurrence of sporadic Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis infections in children in France: a national case-control study

Abstract

To determine risk factors associated with the occurrence of sporadic cases of Salmonella enteritidis infections among children in France, we conducted a matched case-control study. Cases were identified between 1 March and 30 September 1995. One hundred and five pairs of cases and controls matched for age and place of residence were interviewed. In the 1-5 years age group, illness was associated with the consumption of raw eggs or undercooked egg-containing foods (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-4.8). Storing eggs more than 2 weeks after purchase was associated with Salmonella enteritidis infection (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.4-10.2), particularly during the summer period (OR 6.0, 95% CI 1.3-26.8). Cases were more likely to report a case of diarrhoea in the household 10-3 days before the onset of symptoms, particularly in the age group < or = 1 year (P = 0.01). This study confirms the link between eggs and the occurrence of sporadic cases of Salmonella enteritidis among children, highlights the potential role of prolonged egg storage and underlines the role of person-to-person transmission in infants.

Salmonella-Enteritidis-Phagentyp-36-Ausbruch in Österreich 2004

“…This applies to chicken meat as direct source of infection as well as infections from secondary contamination [8]. The main focus of preventive measures should be directed at reducing the danger of infection caused by consuming eggs [9][10][11][12]. The PT 36 outbreak described in this paper further corroborates this conclusion.…”

Risk Factors for the Occurrence of Sporadic Salmonella enterica Serotype typhimurium Infections in Children in France: A National Case-Control Study

“…As for a previous study [7], we summarized the exposure to raw eggs and to food containing raw or lightly cooked eggs as a composite, unique variable. Among case patients and control subjects who ate eggs, 24 case patients (27%) and 43 control subjects (48%) reported eating raw eggs or food containing raw or lightly cooked eggs (OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-0.8).…”

“…The negative association between consumption of raw eggs, consumption of bivalve molluscans, and S. typhimurium infection in univariate analysis may illustrate an information bias. Our experience [7] indicates that many parents are aware of the risk of gastroenteritis posed by the consumption of these foods and may answer that they did not serve these foods, even though they might have done so.…”

“…The physician was asked to select the first patient to meet the above-mentioned criteria. When control subjects could not be located by the physician, they were sought from the Minitel electronic telephone directory in a manner equivalent to random-digit dialing by area of residence [7].…”

A retrospective study of community-acquired Salmonella infections in patients attending public hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria

“…Available information revealed that most of the infants were either breastfed for a period of one to three months or in some cases, not breastfed at all but mostly fed with baby food cereals. Studies elsewhere have demonstrated that infants infected with Salmonella are less likely to be breastfed and more likely to have a household member with diarrhoea than healthy infants [23][24][25], situations that could not be ruled out in this study. A report from northern Nigeria had implicated young adults within the 11 to20 years and 21 to 30 years age groups to be the most vulnerable members of the community [7].…”