Risk Factors for Thyroid Cancer: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study in Korean Adults

Abstract

PurposeAlthough the incidence of thyroid cancer in Korea has rapidly increased over the past decade, few studies have investigated its risk factors. This study examined the risk factors for thyroid cancer in Korean adults.Materials and MethodsThe study design was a hospital-based case-control study. Between August 2002 and December 2011, a total of 802 thyroid cancer cases out of 34,211 patients screened from the Cancer Screenee. Cohort of the National Cancer Center in South Korea were included in the analysis. A total of 802 control cases were selected from the same cohort, and matched individually (1:1) by age (±2 years) and area of residence for control group 1 and additionally by sex for control group 2.ResultsMultivariate conditional logistic regression analysis using the control group 1 showed that females and those with a family history of thyroid cancer had an increased risk of thyroid cancer, whereas ever-smokers and those with a higher monthly household income had a decreased risk of thyroid cancer. On the other hand, the analysis using control group 2 showed that a family history of cancer and alcohol consumption were associated with a decreased risk of thyroid cancer, whereas higher body mass index (BMI) and family history of thyroid cancer were associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer.ConclusionThese findings suggest that females, those with a family history of thyroid cancer, those with a higher BMI, non-smokers, non-drinkers, and those with a lower monthly household income have an increased risk of developing thyroid cancer.

Epidemiologic, Clinical, Ultrasonographic, and Cytological Features of Thyroid Nodules in Predicting Malignancy Risk: A Retrospective Study of 442 French Afro-Caribbean Patients

“…In our study, most patients were females (87%), and malignant nodules were only associated with females. In the literature, some studies point to a potential risk of thyroid cancer in obese patients [22,23]. In our study, the average BMI in operated men was 25, while women's BMI was 28, and for those with benign histology and those with cancer, it was 31.…”

Bethesda thyroid categories and family history of thyroid disease

“…However, there was no significant difference in ionizing radiation exposure, disease multifocality, surgical management or recurrence between the sporadic and familial cancer patients—these patients did not tend to have worse prognosis. Myung et al conducted another hospital‐based case‐control study, with a total of 802 patients with thyroid cancer included, and concluded that females and those with a family history of thyroid cancer had an increased risk of developing thyroid cancer.…”

Radiation and Second Primary Thyroid Cancer Following Index Head and Neck Cancer

“…The SEER data used for this study do not include tobacco information; however, tobacco is a known risk factor for HNC incidence and mortality, and even after treatment for HNC, more than half of HNC survivors continue to smoke . Although HNC survivors who smoke are more likely to die earlier than nonsmokers, studies from the United States and internationally have shown that smoking and alcohol use decreases the risk of developing SPTC . One mechanism of action is the effect of smoking on radiation.…”

“…27 Although HNC survivors who smoke are more likely to die earlier than nonsmokers, 27 studies from the United States and internationally have shown that smoking and alcohol use decreases the risk of developing SPTC. [28][29][30] One mechanism of action is the effect of smoking on radiation. Smoking is known to decrease the efficacy of radiation treatment in HNC management.…”