Risk factors in clinically diagnosed presenile dementia of the Alzheimer type: a case-control study in northern England.

Forster, D. P.; Newens, Andrew J.; Kay, D. W. K.; Edwardson, J. A.

doi:10.1136/jech.49.3.253

Cited by 126 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Trace metal homeostasis plays a big role in the normal functioning of the brain, and disturbances in it can exacerbate events associated with AD (6). There is no hint, however, that smoking is directly related with AD (7,8). In addition, Al also plays a causal role in the development of microcytic anaemia and osteomalacia and can potentiate inflammatory and oxidative events (6,7).…”

Section: Aluminiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Metals in cigarette smoke

Bernhard¹,

Rossmann²,

Wick³

2005

IUBMB Life (International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular B

254

172

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SummaryMetals are vital for a huge number of physiological processes in the human body, but can also destroy health when the concentration is not within the physiologically favourable range. Cigarette smoking interferes with the carefully controlled metal homeostasis of the human body. This review focuses on the consequences of metal delivery to the human body by cigarette smoking and discusses the body's responses. The metal content of tobacco plants, smoke, the circulation, and various organs is discussed. Finally, we link individual cigarette smoke contained metals to the genesis of human diseases. IUBMB Life, 57: 805 -809, 2005

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Section: Aluminiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Metals in cigarette smoke

Bernhard¹,

Rossmann²,

Wick³

2005

IUBMB Life (International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular B

254

172

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“…As proof of this hypothesis, caffeine intake lowered brain amyloid-β levels in AD-transgenic mice [8]. As for the association between caffeine and cognitive disorders in general populations, epidemiological studies [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25] such as cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, and cohort studies have reported inconsistent findings. Some studies have suggested that caffeine intake from coffee or tea is inversely associated with the risk of AD, cognitive impairment, or cognitive decline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine Intake from Coffee or Tea and Cognitive Disorders: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Kim

Kwak

Myung³

2015

Neuroepidemiology

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Background: Observational epidemiological studies such as cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding the association between caffeine intake from coffee or tea and the risk of cognitive disorders such as dementia, Alzheimer's disease, cognitive impairment, and cognitive decline. Methods: We searched PubMed and EMBASE in September 2014. Three evaluators independently extracted and reviewed articles, based on predetermined selection criteria. Results: Out of 293 articles identified through the search and bibliographies of relevant articles, 20 epidemiological studies from 19 articles, which involved 31,479 participants (8,398 in six cross-sectional studies, 4,601 in five case-control studies, and 19,918 in nine cohort studies), were included in the final analysis. The pooled odds ratio (OR) or relative risk (RR) of caffeine intake from coffee or tea for cognitive disorders (dementia, Alzheimer's disease, cognitive impairment, and cognitive decline) was 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67-1.01, I² = 63.2%) in a random-effects meta-analysis. In the subgroup meta-analysis by caffeine sources, the summary OR or RR of coffee intake was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.70-0.98; I² = 44.8%). However, in the subgroup meta-analysis by study design, the summary estimates (RR or OR) of coffee intake for cognitive disorders were 0.70 (95% CI, 0.50-0.98; I² = 42.0%) for cross-sectional studies, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.55-1.24; I² = 33.4%) for case-control studies, and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.59-1.36; I² = 60.0%) for cohort studies. Conclusions: This meta-analysis found that caffeine intake from coffee or tea was not associated with the risk of cognitive disorders.

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“…The data reported here are not comparable with these follow up studies but can be compared to other cross-sectional studies. These studies have yielded inconsistent results possibly because sampling procedures differed to an extent sufficient to produce subjects at varied points on the trajectory from preclinical AD to the late stage of deterioration found in clinical dementia [24][25][26][27]. Comparisons between this and other studies on caffeine intake and cognitive decline are not straightforward.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Caffeine, Cognition, and Socioeconomic Status

Kyle

Fox

Whalley

2010

JAD

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Abstract. There is interest in age-related cognitive decline and environmental risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). This interest is focused on individual differences in exposure to agents that may harm or protect cognitive function. Caffeine is used as a short acting mental stimulant and may possess longer-term properties that protect against age-related decline and, possibly, AD. The current study aimed to: 1) examine current cognitive function in a narrow age range sample (n = 351) without dementia (MMSE > 25) who are, by reason of age, entering the period of increased risk of AD; and 2) link cognitive function to self-reported intake of caffeine and socioeconomic status (SES). Possible confounding by gender, childhood intelligence, education, and symptoms of anxiety and depression was introduced into the statistical model. There were significant differences between SES groups in caffeine intake (p < 0.05) and cognitive performance (p < 0.001). Higher quartiles of caffeine intake were associated with slower digit symbol speed (F = 3.38, p < 0.02) but this finding was removed after allowing for SES. The results are discussed in terms of the withdrawal effects of caffeine during cognitive testing and strong links between SES and cognitive performance. No evidence in support of cognitive enhancing effects of caffeine was found.

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Risk factors in clinically diagnosed presenile dementia of the Alzheimer type: a case-control study in northern England.

Cited by 126 publications

References 32 publications

Metals in cigarette smoke

Metals in cigarette smoke

Caffeine Intake from Coffee or Tea and Cognitive Disorders: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Caffeine, Cognition, and Socioeconomic Status

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