Risk Factors of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae Occurrence in Farms in Reunion, Madagascar and Mayotte Islands, 2016–2017

Leclaire, Alexandre; Laval, Morgane; Miltgen, Guillaume; Jégo, Maël; Ramin, Susan; Jaubert, Julien; Belmonte, Olivier; Cardinale, Éric

doi:10.3390/vetsci5010022

Cited by 20 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The AB resistance patterns per enterprise type revealed that the isolates from poultry farms had the highest resistance rates to TET, SXT, CHL and AMC (Figure 2). These results are in agreement with reports from: (i) Ghana, with high resistance frequencies to TET (88.9%), sulphonamide (75.0%), ampicillin (69.4%) and trimethoprim (66.7%) [25]; (ii) Madagascar broil farms with 97.6% to TET [26]; (iii) Chinese carcasses with ampicillin (98.9%), CHL (92.2%), TET (78.9%) [27]; and (iv) Portuguese healthy chickens with TET (70%), ampicillin (63%) and CIP (49%), however, with lower frequencies for SXT (33%), CHL (12%) and AMC (18%) [28]. It is noteworthy a higher frequency of poultry isolates resistant to CIP (30.0%) compared with those from the other enterprise types.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae on Portuguese Livestock Manure

et al. 2019

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The exposure of both crop fields and humans to antibiotic-resistant bacteria in animal excreta is an emergent concern of the One Health initiative. This study assessed the contamination of livestock manure from poultry, pig, dairy farms and slaughterhouses in Portugal with resistance determinants. The resistance profiles of 331 Enterobacteriaceae isolates to eight β-lactam (amoxicillin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, cefpirome, aztreonam, ceftazidime, imipenem and meropenem) and to five non-β-lactam antibiotics (tetracycline (TET), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT), ciprofloxacin (CIP), chloramphenicol (CHL) and gentamicin) was investigated. Forty-nine integron and non-β-lactam resistance genes were also screened for. Rates of resistance to the 13 antibiotics ranged from 80.8% to 0.6%. Multidrug resistance (MDR) rates were highest in pig farm samples (79%). Thirty different integron and resistance genes were identified. These were mainly associated with resistance to CHL (catI and catII), CIP (mainly, qnrS, qnrB and oqx), TET (mainly tet(A) and tet(M)) and SXT (mostly dfrIa group and sul3). In MDR isolates, integron presence and non-β-lactam resistance to TET, SXT and CHL were positively correlated. Overall, a high prevalence of MDR Enterobacteriaceae was found in livestock manure. The high gene diversity for antibiotic resistance identified in this study highlights the risk of MDR spread within the environment through manure use.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae on Portuguese Livestock Manure

et al. 2019

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“…Although, bla CTX−M has been reported as the most prevalent ESBL gene type in swine farms, and bla CTX−M1 and bla CTX−M9 are common in Thailand, the high occurrence of bla OXA−1 and bla VEB have not been reported from Thai agriculture farms (Hawkey, 2008;Suwantarat and Carroll, 2016;Lugsomya et al, 2018a). Detection of bla VEB was first reported from Vietnamese patients and low prevalence or rare detection in human clinical isolates was published in many country (Poirel et al, 1999;Doi et al, 2017;Gay et al, 2018). Interestingly, in our study bla VEB was enriched after weaning to 6 months of age, whereas bla CTX−M1 and bla CTX−M9 were reduced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance in Swine Fecal Specimens Across Different Farm Management Systems

et al. 2020

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Antimicrobial use in agricultural animals is known to be associated with increases in antimicrobial resistance. Most prior studies have utilized culture and susceptibility testing of select organisms to document these phenomena. In this study we aimed to detect 66 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes for 10 antimicrobial agent classes directly in swine fecal samples using our previously developed antimicrobial resistance TaqMan array card (AMR-TAC) across three different swine farm management systems. This included 38 extensive antimicrobial use (both in treatment and feed), 30 limited antimicrobial use (treatment only), and 30 no antimicrobial use farms. The number of resistance genes detected in extensive antimicrobial use farms was higher than in limited and no antimicrobial use farms (28.2 genes ± 4.2 vs. 24.0 genes ± 4.1 and 22.8 genes ± 3.6, respectively, p < 0.05). A principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering of the AMR gene data showed the extensive use farm samples were disparate from the limited and no antimicrobial use farms. The prevalence of resistance genes in extensive use farms was significantly higher than the other farm categories for 18 resistance genes including bla SHV , bla CTX−M1 group, bla CTX−M9 group, bla VEB , bla CMY2−LAT, aac(6)-lb-cr, qnrB1, gyrA83L-E. coli, armA, rmtB, aac(3)-IIa, mphA, 23S rRNA 2075G-Campylobacter spp., mcr-1, catA1, floR, dfrA5-14, and dfrA17. These genotypic findings were supported by phenotypic susceptibility results on fecal E. coli isolates. To examine the timing of AMR gene abundance in swine farms, we also performed a longitudinal study in pigs. The results showed that AMR prevalence occurred both early, presumably from mothers, as well as after weaning, presumably from the environment. In summary, detection of AMR genes directly in fecal samples can be used to qualitatively and quantitatively monitor AMR in swine farms.

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“…Although some potential risk factors, including management practices, had a tendency to be associated with the presence of 3GC-resistant isolates on farms, no risk factors for presence of 3GC-nonsusceptible isolates on farms were statistically significant in the multivariate model. Studies in Vietnam [ 64 ] and in countries of the South Western Indian Ocean [ 65 ] reported that management factors such as visitors allowed on farms and environmental mismanagement were associated with presence of ESBL/AmpC-producer E . coli on farms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and potential pathogenicity, and possible spread of third generation cephalosporin resistance, in Escherichia coli isolated from healthy chicken farms in the region of Dakar, Senegal

et al. 2019

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Escherichia coli is a normal inhabitant of the intestinal microbiota of chickens, a small proportion of which may be avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) or potential extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), capable of causing disease in humans. These E. coli may also be resistant to antimicrobials of critical importance in human or veterinary health. This study aims to 1) determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and resistance genes, multidrug resistance (MDR), chromosomal mechanisms of quinolone-resistance and virulence profiles of E. coli isolated from healthy chicken farms in the region of Dakar, Senegal, 2) investigate the spread of third-generation cephalosporins (3GC) resistance in E. coli isolated from healthy chicken farms with respect to virulence and resistance genes, serogroups, Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), phylogenetic groups, plasmid types and transferability and 3) determine whether nonsusceptibility against 3GC on farms could be linked to risk factors. More than 68% of isolates from environmental faecal and drinking water samples, carcasses and carcass washes collected on 32 healthy chicken farms were multidrug resistant (MDR), resistance to antimicrobials critical in human health (3GC or ciprofloxacin) being found in all types of samples. Ciprofloxacin resistance was due to mutations in the gyrA and parC genes, 95% of tested farms harboring isolates carrying three mutations, in gyrA (Ser83Ile and Asp87Asn) and parC (Ser80Ile). Nine of the 32 farms (28.1%) demonstrated the presence of one or more 3GC-nonsusceptible indicator isolates but none of the potential risk factors were significantly associated with this presence on farms. Following ceftriaxone enrichment, presumptive extended-spectrum beta-lactamase/AmpC-beta-lactamase (ESBL/AmpC)-producer isolates were found in 17 of the 32 farms. 3GC resistance was mediated by blaCMY-2 or blaCTX-M genes, blaCTX-M being of genotypes blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-8 and for the first time in chickens in Senegal, the genotype blaCTX-M-15. Clonally related ESBL/AmpC-producer isolates were found on different farms. In addition, blaCTX-M genes were identified on replicon plasmids I1 and K/B and blaCMY-2 on K/B, I1 and B/O. These plasmids were found in isolates of different clusters. In addition, 18 isolates, some of which were ESBL/AmpC-producers, were defined as potential human ExPEC. In conclusion, E. coli isolates potentially pathogenic for humans and demonstrating MDR, with resistance expressed against antimicrobials of critical importance in human health were found in healthy chickens in Senegal. Our results suggest that both clonal spreading and horizontal gene transfer play a role in the spread of 3GC-resistance and that chickens in Senegal could be a reservoir for AMR and ExPEC for humans. These results highlight the importance of raising awareness about compliance with biosecurity measures and prudent use of antimicrobials.

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Risk Factors of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae Occurrence in Farms in Reunion, Madagascar and Mayotte Islands, 2016–2017

Cited by 20 publications

References 36 publications

Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae on Portuguese Livestock Manure

Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae on Portuguese Livestock Manure

Antimicrobial Resistance in Swine Fecal Specimens Across Different Farm Management Systems

Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and potential pathogenicity, and possible spread of third generation cephalosporin resistance, in Escherichia coli isolated from healthy chicken farms in the region of Dakar, Senegal

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