Risk Factors of Venous Thromboembolism in Noncritically Ill Patients Hospitalized for Acute COVID-19 Pneumonia Receiving Prophylactic-Dose Anticoagulation

Francesco, Pignatelli; Spiezia, Luca; Simion, Chiara; Campello, Elena; Valle, Fabio Dalla; Tormene, Daniela; Camporese, Giuseppe; Simioni, Paolo

doi:10.3390/v14040737

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Studies have reported the incidence of VTE in patients with COVID-19 [ 1 , 27 , 28 ]. A Chinese retrospective study worked in this direction by revealing a percentage, i.e., 25% (20 out of 81) of patients admitted to the ICU, in whom an accident of VTE occurred.…”

Section: Hemostasis Parameters During Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abbreviations ICU, intensive care unit; PT, prothrombin time; TT, thrombin time. Ref [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 17 , 27 , 28 , 30 , 35 , 36 , 39 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 67 , 75 , 76 , 79 , 80 , 90 , 91 ].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the first place, a quantification of the risk of cardiovascular complications immediately appeared very difficult because it was linked the heterogeneity of the patient population with COVID-19 to the reports of cases that included limited sample sizes, restrictions on intensive care assessments, non-homogeneous outcome definitions, and the application of different thromboprophylaxis models. Second, although recommendations for administering antithrombotic therapy to hospitalized patients with COVID-19 to prevent thromboembolic cardiovascular events were put in place early [ 1 , 7 , 8 , 9 ], evidence quickly emerged that a subgroup of patients experienced arterial and venous events, despite the appropriate use of thromboprophylaxis standards [ 1 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thromboembolic Disease and Cardiac Thrombotic Complication in COVID-19: A Systematic Review

Nappi

Gambardella

et al. 2022

Metabolites

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The coronavirus 2019 pandemic has affected many healthcare systems worldwide. While acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has been well-documented in COVID-19, there are several cardiovascular complications, such as myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, and pulmonary embolism, leading to disability and death. The link between COVID-19 and increasing thrombogenicity potentially occurs due to numerous different metabolic mechanisms, ranging from endothelial damage for direct virus infection, associated excessive formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), pathogenic activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), direct myocardial injury, and ischemia induced by respiratory failure, all of which have measurable biomarkers. A search was performed by interrogating three databases (MEDLINE; MEDLINE In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, and EMBASE). Evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCT), prospective series, meta-analyses, and unmatched observational studies were evaluated for the processing of the algorithm and treatment of thromboembolic disease and cardiac thrombotic complications related to COVID-19 during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Studies out with the SARS-Cov-2 infection period and case reports were excluded. A total of 58 studies were included in this analysis. The role of the acute inflammatory response in the propagation of the systemic inflammatory sequelae of the disease plays a major part in determining thromboembolic disease and cardiac thrombotic complication in COVID-19. Some of the mechanisms of activation of these pathways, alongside the involved biomarkers noted in previous studies, are highlighted. Inflammatory response led to thromboembolic disease and cardiac thrombotic complications in COVID-19. NETs play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory response. Despite moving into the endemic phase of the disease in most countries, thromboembolic complications in COVID-19 remain an entity that substantially impacts the health care system, with long-term effects that remain uncertain. Continuous monitoring and research are required.

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Section: Hemostasis Parameters During Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thromboembolic Disease and Cardiac Thrombotic Complication in COVID-19: A Systematic Review

Nappi

Gambardella

et al. 2022

Metabolites

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“…Among laboratory findings, elevated D-dimer, fibrin degradation products, and fibrinogen were observed among the patients with the most severe form of the disease [36]. The current in-hospital therapies for COVID-19 patients include thrombosis prophylaxis with heparin or factor Xa inhibitors [37,38].…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Cardiovascular Covid-19 Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Tropism and Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Dmytrenko

Lavine

2022

Viruses

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The extrapulmonary manifestation of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), became apparent early in the ongoing pandemic. It is now recognized that cells of the cardiovascular system are targets of SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated disease pathogenesis. While some details are emerging, much remains to be understood pertaining to the mechanistic basis by which SARS-CoV-2 contributes to acute and chronic manifestations of COVID-19. This knowledge has the potential to improve clinical management for the growing populations of patients impacted by COVID-19. Here, we review the epidemiology and pathophysiology of cardiovascular sequelae of COVID-19 and outline proposed disease mechanisms, including direct SARS-CoV-2 infection of major cardiovascular cell types and pathogenic effects of non-infectious viral particles and elicited inflammatory mediators. Finally, we identify the major outstanding questions in cardiovascular COVID-19 research.

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“…Moreover, for these types of dysfunctions, the protective role of heparins was testified in inpatients with COVID-19, where it crossed its anti-thrombotic actions and took anti-viral and anti-inflammatory roles [ 1 , 8 ]. For this reason, a really complex clinical debate has been taken place for several months on the right prophylactic or therapeutic dosage of heparins in inpatients with COVID-19 [ 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%