Risk of Animal Contact in Immunocompromised Hosts

Koch, Christian A.

doi:10.1001/archinte.158.9.1036

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

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“…Bite wound infections with Pasteurella tend to be highly aggressive with skin or soft tissue inflammation, erythema, local lymphadenopathy, fever, pain, and swelling often manifesting within 24 h, but they can present as early as 8 to 12 h (41, 48, 159,166,309). Pasteurellosis has an overall mortality rate of 25 to 30% among reported human cases of animal bite wounds (38, 90,163,288,289,310), with bacteremia found in 40 to 63% of all pasteurellosis patients and meningitis plus neurological complications found in 17 to 29% of patients.…”

Section: Transmission and Prevalence Through Contact With Petsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pasteurella infections that do not result from bite wounds are likewise most often associated with P. multocida strains (44, 90,163,310) and usually involve contact of skin lesions or nasooropharynx or other upper respiratory mucosa with animals or animal secretions, particularly in young children, the elderly, or pregnant or immunocompromised individuals (40,44,53,87,90,165,235,240,241,244,255,257,258,261,277,288,289,291,307,.…”

Section: Transmission and Prevalence Through Contact With Petsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients with underlying diseases that contribute to an immunocompromised condition, such as cirrhosis (liver dysfunction) (39, 43, 241, 244, 249, 255-257, 260, 262, 263, 265, 266, 273, 275-280, 292, 312, 314, 316, 317, 321, 322, 328, 329, 335, 337, 345-359), renal failure (kidney dysfunction requiring dialysis or indwelling catheters) (253,267,300,302,303,318,324,326,327,(360)(361)(362)(363)(364)(365)(366), or HIV-positive status (especially if taking immunosuppressive drugs or experiencing other disease conditions) (290,310,315,(367)(368)(369), have an increased risk of peritonitis, endocarditis, and/or septicemia caused by P. multocida. This is particularly the case if there is a history of exposure to pets.…”

Section: Transmission and Prevalence Through Contact With Petsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pasteurella multocida: from Zoonosis to Cellular Microbiology

2013

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SUMMARY In a world where most emerging and reemerging infectious diseases are zoonotic in nature and our contacts with both domestic and wild animals abound, there is growing awareness of the potential for human acquisition of animal diseases. Like other Pasteurellaceae , Pasteurella species are highly prevalent among animal populations, where they are often found as part of the normal microbiota of the oral, nasopharyngeal, and upper respiratory tracts. Many Pasteurella species are opportunistic pathogens that can cause endemic disease and are associated increasingly with epizootic outbreaks. Zoonotic transmission to humans usually occurs through animal bites or contact with nasal secretions, with P. multocida being the most prevalent isolate observed in human infections. Here we review recent comparative genomics and molecular pathogenesis studies that have advanced our understanding of the multiple virulence mechanisms employed by Pasteurella species to establish acute and chronic infections. We also summarize efforts being explored to enhance our ability to rapidly and accurately identify and distinguish among clinical isolates and to control pasteurellosis by improved development of new vaccines and treatment regimens.

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