Risk of Dependence on Sport in Relation to Body Dissatisfaction and Motivation

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of dependency on physical exercise in individual sportspeople and the relationship with body dissatisfaction and motivation. Two hundred and twenty-five triathletes, swimmers, cyclists, and athletics competitors aged 18 to 63 years old took part in the study, of which 145 were men (M = 35.57 ± 10.46 years) and 80 were women (M = 32.83 ± 10.31 years). The EDS-R (Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised) was used to study dependency on exercising, the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) was used to study body dissatisfaction, the Behaviour Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3) was used to determine the participants’ motivation and the BIAQ was used to analyse conducts of avoidance to body image. The obtained results show that 8.5% of the subjects have a risk of dependency on exercise and 18.2% tend to have corporal dissatisfaction, without meaningful differences in the kind of sport they practiced. However, there were important differences concerning the dependency on physical exercise (15% vs. 4.8%) and body dissatisfaction (31.1% vs. 11%) in relation to sex, with the higher percentages referring to women. Introjected regulation and the conduct of food restriction were predictor variables of the dependency on exercise and corporal dissatisfaction. Also, the number and duration of sessions; the age of the participants; the integrated, introjected, and external regulations surrounding social activities; and eating restraints could all predict dependence on physical exercise (DPE).

The Relationship between Alexithymia, Dysmorphic Concern, and Exercise Addiction: The Moderating Effect of Self-Esteem

“…Our results also highlighted the significant and positive influence of body image concerns on exercise addiction, determining a total mediation in the relationship between alexithymia and exercise addiction. Consistent with these data, significant and positive associations between negative body image and pathological exercise behaviors have previously been found [42,68].…”

Motivation in sport and exercise: a comparison between the BRSQ and BREQ

“…For example, studies have applied the BREQ-3 in individuals with schizophrenia (Costa et al 2018), presenting several shortcomings such as several crossloadings and lack of internal consistency on several factors (i.e., amotivation, identified, and introjected regulation). Other studies do not report internal consistency scores at all (Puigarnau 2017) and past research has measured behavioral regulation using the BREQ-3 without item adaptation to the sports context (Román et al 2019;Tornero-Quiñones et al 2019). More alarming is the use of the BRSQ or BREQ-3 without translation and validation to the culture under analysis.…”

Dependencia al Ejercicio Físico en Deportes de Resistencia: Relación con la Motivación deportiva y la Identidad con el Ejercicio Físico (Exercise Dependence in Endurance Sports: Relationship to Sport Motivation and Exercise Identity)

“…Encontraron que la regulación externa, la identificada y la integrada no eran los mejores predictores de la dependencia al EF, sino que la única variable regulada extrínsecamente que fue significativa fue la regulación introyectada, es decir, cuando las actuaciones están promovidas por razones como la culpa y la presión autoimpuesta. Resultados similares hallaron Tornero-Quiñones et al (2019), en este caso, la regulación introyectada y la externa fueron predictoras principales de la dependencia al EF junto con la regulación integrada y la no motivación. De acuerdo con Edmunds et al (2006a), Fortier y Farrell (2009) y González-Cutre y Sicilia (2012) esto podría tener su causa en cómo la persona constituye sus conductas dentro de su estilo de vida; la motivación por la práctica del EF podría desvincularse del objetivo inicial, el disfrute o el rendimiento de forma que la única razón para continuar con ella sea la dependencia psicofisiológica que se crea con el EF y el sentimiento que tiene el sujeto de que debe seguir practicándolo, tal y como mencionan Gapin y Petruzzello (2011).…”