Risk of lung cancer associated with six types of chlorinated solvents: results from two case–control studies in Montreal, Canada: Table 1

Vizcaya, David; Christensen, Krista; Lavoué, Jérôme; Siemiatycki, Jack

doi:10.1136/oemed-2012-101155

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Finally, studies of the health effects of PCE published since the U.S. EPA’s assessment continue to report associations with neurological outcomes, including studies of illicit drug use (Aschengrau et al 2011); mental illness (Aschengrau et al 2012); visual effects (Getz et al 2012); visuospatial functioning, learning and memory, motor, attention, and mood (Janulewicz et al 2012); and Parkinson disease (Goldman et al 2012). Similarly, recent analyses of PCE exposure and cancer continue to add support for human tumor sites identified in the Toxicological Review (Christensen et al 2013; Lipworth et al 2011; Ruder et al 2013; Vizcaya et al 2013; Vlaanderen et al 2013; 2014). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Human Health Effects of Tetrachloroethylene: Key Findings and Scientific Issues

Guyton

Hogan

Scott

et al. 2014

Environ Health Perspect

136

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Background: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) completed a toxicological review of tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene, PCE) in February 2012 in support of the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).Objectives: We reviewed key findings and scientific issues regarding the human health effects of PCE described in the U.S. EPA’s Toxicological Review of Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene).Methods: The updated assessment of PCE synthesized and characterized a substantial database of epidemiological, experimental animal, and mechanistic studies. Key scientific issues were addressed through modeling of PCE toxicokinetics, synthesis of evidence from neurological studies, and analyses of toxicokinetic, mechanistic, and other factors (tumor latency, severity, and background rate) in interpreting experimental animal cancer findings. Considerations in evaluating epidemiological studies included the quality (e.g., specificity) of the exposure assessment methods and other essential design features, and the potential for alternative explanations for observed associations (e.g., bias or confounding).Discussion: Toxicokinetic modeling aided in characterizing the complex metabolism and multiple metabolites that contribute to PCE toxicity. The exposure assessment approach—a key evaluation factor for epidemiological studies of bladder cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and multiple myeloma—provided suggestive evidence of carcinogenicity. Bioassay data provided conclusive evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. Neurotoxicity was identified as a sensitive noncancer health effect, occurring at low exposures: a conclusion supported by multiple studies. Evidence was integrated from human, experimental animal, and mechanistic data sets in assessing adverse health effects of PCE.Conclusions: PCE is likely to be carcinogenic to humans. Neurotoxicity is a sensitive adverse health effect of PCE.Citation: Guyton KZ, Hogan KA, Scott CS, Cooper GS, Bale AS, Kopylev L, Barone S Jr, Makris SL, Glenn B, Subramaniam RP, Gwinn MR, Dzubow RC, Chiu WA. 2014. Human health effects of tetrachloroethylene: key findings and scientific issues. Environ Health Perspect 122:325–334; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307359

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Human Health Effects of Tetrachloroethylene: Key Findings and Scientific Issues

Guyton

Hogan

Scott

et al. 2014

Environ Health Perspect

136

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“…The lung was not considered a likely target organ 32. Interestingly, one study recently published also suggested an association with lung cancer risk for ‘substantial’ levels of exposure to PCE, although the number of subjects was small 9. Because PCE is used extensively in the dry-cleaning sector, several cohort studies were conducted on subjects employed in dry-cleaning as a proxy for PCE exposure,8 33 34 and reported a moderately increased risk of lung cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to chlorinated solvents and lung cancer: results of the ICARE study

et al. 2014

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“…More recently, results from relatively large case-control studies on chlorinated solvents (including TCE) and lung cancer risk have been reported [20,21]. Vizcaya et al pooled data from two Canadian casecontrol studies (totaling 2016 cases and 2001 controls) conducted in 1980-1986 and 1995-2001, respectively [21]. Exposure to 6 chlorinated solvents was evaluated by an expert assessment.…”

Section: Occupational Tce Exposure and Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory effects of trichloroethylene

Dumas

Despréaux

Perros

et al. 2018

Respiratory Medicine

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Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a chlorinated solvent that has been used widely around the world in the twentieth century for metal degreasing and dry cleaning. Although TCE displays general toxicity and is classified as a human carcinogen, the association between TCE exposure and respiratory disorders are conflicting. In this review we aimed to systematically evaluate the current evidence for the respiratory effects of TCE exposure and the implications for the practicing clinician. There is limited evidence of an increased risk of lung cancer associated with TCE exposure based on animal and human data. However, the effect of other chlorinated solvents and mixed solvent exposure should be further investigated. Limited data are available to support an association between TCE exposure and respiratory tract disorders such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, or rhinitis. The most consistent data is the association of TCE with autoimmune and vascular diseases such as systemic sclerosis and pulmonary veno-occlusive disease. Although recent data are reassuring regarding the absence of an increased lung cancer risk with TCE exposure, clinicians should be aware of other potential respiratory effects of TCE. In particular, occupational exposure to TCE has been linked to less common conditions such as systemic sclerosis and pulmonary veno-occlusive disease.

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Risk of lung cancer associated with six types of chlorinated solvents: results from two case–control studies in Montreal, Canada: Table 1

Abstract: There were suggestive, albeit inconsistent, indications that exposure to perchloroethylene and carbon tetrachloride may increase the risk of lung cancer. Results for other solvents were compatible with absence of risk.

Cited by 25 publications

References 33 publications

Human Health Effects of Tetrachloroethylene: Key Findings and Scientific Issues

Human Health Effects of Tetrachloroethylene: Key Findings and Scientific Issues

Exposure to chlorinated solvents and lung cancer: results of the ICARE study

Respiratory effects of trichloroethylene

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