Risk of Neurobehavioral Disinhibition in Prenatal Methamphetamine–Exposed Young Children With Positive Hair Toxicology Results

Himes, Sarah K.; LaGasse, Linda L.; Derauf, Chris; Newman, Elana; Smith, Lynne M.; Arria, Amelia M.; Grotta, Sheri A Della; Dansereau, Lynne M.; Abar, Beau; Neal, Charles R.; Lester, Barry M.; Huestis, Marilyn A.

doi:10.1097/ftd.0000000000000049

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…That is, if a milestone was delayed in male pups, it was also delayed similarly in female pups. The finding of METH-induced delays in development is in agreement with human studies (Himes et al, 2014; Wouldes et al, 2014) and other rodent studies where non-contingent injections and higher doses of METH have been used (Cho et al, 1991; McDonnell-Dowling et al, 2014). However, if one excludes studies that used METH doses leading to teratogenic effects (Acuff-Smith et al, 1996), the level of impairment is similar across studies irrespective of the METH dose administered.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Detrimental effects of self-administered methamphetamine during pregnancy on offspring development in the rat

Rüedi‐Bettschen

Platt

2017

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Methamphetamine (METH) abuse by pregnant women is a commonly observed phenomenon. While the harmful effects of METH are well described for adults, there is only limited knowledge of the effects of METH use during pregnancy on the developing child. In the present study, we investigated how intraveneous (iv) METH self-administration throughout pregnancy affected rat dams and their offspring through weaning, compared to controls. Methods Female rats (n=16) were trained to self-administer METH iv; every drug infusion by a dam also resulted in a saline injection to a yoked control (n=16). When stable levels of self-administration were reached, all females were mated. Daily, 2-hr self-administration sessions continued until litters were born. General health and weight was assessed daily in dams and pups. In addition, pups were evaluated for achievement of age-appropriate developmental milestones (i.e., righting reflex, negative geotaxis, pinna detachment, fur appearance, incisor eruption and eye opening). Results Dams self-administered 2–3 mg/kg/day METH throughout gestation without consequence to dam health or weight gain during pregnancy. All females produced viable litters, and litter size and composition did not differ between saline and METH dams. Similarly, maternal pup-directed behavior was not affected by prior METH self-administration. However, despite a lack of weight difference in pups, METH-exposed pups were significantly delayed in reaching all assessed developmental milestones compared to controls. Conclusion These results indicate that in utero exposure to moderate METH doses can profoundly and adversely affect offspring development, suggesting that even recreational METH use during pregnancy has potential for harm.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Detrimental effects of self-administered methamphetamine during pregnancy on offspring development in the rat

Rüedi‐Bettschen

Platt

2017

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…In utero MA exposure significantly increases the probability of adverse effects on fetal brain development and the likelihood of performance deficits and behavioral difficulties in children. For example, MA‐exposed children show impaired spatial navigation (Piper et al, ), and executive function deficits corresponding to outcomes predictive of ADHD, including disinhibition and attention deficits (Abar et al, ; Derauf et al, ; Himes et al, ; Kiblawi et al, ; LaGasse et al, ; Roos et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning and memory effects of neonatal methamphetamine exposure in rats: Role of reactive oxygen species and age at assessment

Jablonski

Williams

Vorhees

2017

Synapse

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In utero methamphetamine (MA) exposure leads to a range of adverse effects, such as decreased attention, reduced working-memory capability, behavioral dysregulation, and spatial memory impairments in exposed children. In the current experiment, preweaning Sprague-Dawley rats-as a model of third trimester human exposure-were administered the spin trapping agent, N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN), daily prior to MA. Rats were given 0 (SAL) or 40 mg/kg PBN prior to each MA dose (10 mg/kg, 4× per day) from postnatal day (P) 6-15. Littermates underwent Cincinnati water maze, Morris water maze, and radial water maze assessment beginning on P30 (males) or P60 (females). Males were also tested for conditioned contextual and cued freezing, while females were trained in passive avoidance. Findings show that, regardless of age/sex, neonatal MA induced deficits in all tests, except passive avoidance. PBN did not ameliorate these effects, but had a few minor effects. Taken together, MA induced learning deficits emerge early and persist, but the mechanism remains unknown.

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“…Hair test for cocaine and other drugs of abuse should be considered to document previous or chronic exposure [13]. Since drugs and their metabolites are permanently deposited in the protein matrix of the hair, they can be detected several months after its use, which provides an advantage over other biological markers [10]. Measurement of cocaine hair concentrations can allow estimation of the degree of environmental drug exposure in young children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hair testing for drugs of abuse provides a wide window of detection and sample collection is not invasive [10]. The hair samples from children were screened for the presence of drugs of abuse by ultraperformance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) methodology as reported elsewhere [12].…”

Section: Hair Samples Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Unsuspected Exposure to Drugs of Abuse in Children

L¹

2014

Emergency Medicine

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Background: In the last decade, the consumption of drugs of abuse has been steady for most of substances, with a significant increase in the consumption of cannabis and cocaine. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of unsuspected exposure to drugs of abuse (cocaine, cannabis, amphetamines, opiates, MDMA) in children attending to an urban paediatric emergency department without signs or symptoms suggestive of exposure. Methods: Hair samples were collected from children between 10 and 14 years of age attending the Paediatric Emergency Department of Hospital del Mar in Barcelona during months of January to April 2014. Intervention was developed based on a brief advice and motivational interview for children. We analyzed the presence of drugs of abuse in hair samples by validated methodologies in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Data were compared to previous studies in the same scenario. Results: From 114 hair samples we obtain 15 positive results (13.5%) for any drugs of abuse, 5 positive results (4.38%) for cocaine (concentration range 0.8-3.97 ng/mg of hair), and 8 positive results for cannabis (7%) (Concentration range 0.10-1.11 ng/mg of hair), 1 positive result for MDMA (0.8%) (0.66 ng/mg of hair) and 1 positive result for amphetamines (0.8%) (1.10 ng/mg of hair). Conclusions: The most important result of this investigation is the maintained and unsuspected high prevalence of paediatric exposure to drugs of abuse in children from low socioeconomic environment in a Mediterranean city during more than a decade. These figures justify the implementation of bio analytical screening protocols; follow up schedules, and preventive strategies. In order to prevent the exposure and consumption of drugs of abuse in children, we recommend interventions of public health and social services to raise consumer awareness of the risks occurring to children, and to push for avoiding consumption in places where adults interact with children.

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Risk of Neurobehavioral Disinhibition in Prenatal Methamphetamine–Exposed Young Children With Positive Hair Toxicology Results

Cited by 14 publications

References 38 publications

Detrimental effects of self-administered methamphetamine during pregnancy on offspring development in the rat

Detrimental effects of self-administered methamphetamine during pregnancy on offspring development in the rat

Learning and memory effects of neonatal methamphetamine exposure in rats: Role of reactive oxygen species and age at assessment

Unsuspected Exposure to Drugs of Abuse in Children

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