“…A study published in 2015 showed that having an oral cleft increases the risk for self-reported history of cancer in family members, and genetic variants in DLX1 and MMP3 are associated with oral cleft regardless of the history of cancer (10). Over the past years, epidemiological studies have assessed the relationship between cancer and NSCL/P in different populations [Texas, USA (11), Southeast Asian (12), Denmark (13), Pittsburgh, USA (14), Latvia (15), India (16), The Netherlands (17), Danish (18), Turkey (19), Brazil (20), France (21), Brazil (8,22), Poland (23), Pakistan (24), Brazil (25)], and the results are controversial.…”