Risk propensity differences between entrepreneurs and managers: A meta-analytic review.

Abstract

Research examining the relative risk-taking propensities of entrepreneurs and managers has produced conflicting findings and no consensus, posing an impediment to theory development. To overcome the limitations of narrative reviews, the authors used psychometric meta-analysis to mathematically cumulate the literature concerning risk propensity differences between entrepreneurs and managers. Results indicate that the risk propensity of entrepreneurs is greater than that of managers. Moreover, there are larger differences between entrepreneurs whose primary goal is venture growth versus those whose focus is on producing family income. Results also underscore the importance of precise construct definitions and rigorous measurement.

ADHD-like behavior and entrepreneurial intentions

“…Despite contradictory findings, there is a large literature indicating that entrepreneurs differ from non-entrepreneurs on a range of characteristics including cognitive biases (Baron 1998;Busenitz and Barney 1997), intuition (Allinson et al 2000), risk taking propensity (Stewart and Roth 2001) and taste for variety (Å stebro and Thompson 2011). In addition, the theoretical classics of Schumpeter (1934), Kirzner (1979) and Knight (1921) emphasize innovation, opportunity perception, and handling uncertainty, respectively, as defining characteristics of entrepreneurs.…”

Searching for the entrepreneurial personality: New evidence and avenues for further research

“…Previous research supports this judgment insofar as positive correlations between risk tolerance and the decision to become an entrepreneur were observed (see, e.g., Cramer, Hartog, Jonker, and Van Praag, 2002;Caliendo, Fossen, and Kritikos, 2009). It is also true that entrepreneurs are less risk averse than other persons, such as those who are regularly employed (Stewart and Roth, 2001;Hartog, Ferrer-i Carbonell, and Jonker, 2002). However, Chell, Harworth, and Brearley (1991) make clear that for entrepreneurial success it might be wise not to maximize the riskiness of investments.…”

Evidências de Validade de um Inventário de Competências Empreendedoras para Empresários Juniores

“…Do ponto de vista do instrumento, revela sobreposições a aperfeiçoar. Também foi um fator que, na AFC, contribuiu negativamente para o ajuste global do modelo -aspecto que aponta para a necessidade de mais aperfeiçoamentos, dada a importância da inovação (Henderson, 2002;Schumpeter, 1982) e da disposição de assumir riscos (Stewart & Roth, 2001) como características definidoras do empreendedorismo, conforme apresentado na introdução do artigo.…”

“…De fato, tais questões têm sido temas recorrentes para os interessados pela Psicologia do Empreendedor (Frese & Gielnik, 2014). Dentro dessa área, alguns pesquisadores têm desenvolvido um corpo de conhecimentos que apontam, por exemplo, para questões de personalidade (Brandstatter, 2011;Zhao, Seibert, & Lumpkin, 2010), propensão a assumir riscos (Stewart & Roth, 2001), motivação (Carsrud & Brännback, 2011), entre outras dimensões ou variáveis psicológicas. Existe, ainda, outra linha de investigações que busca compreender quais seriam as competências necessárias ao empreendedor e o modo de promovê-las.…”