Risk-taking on the road and in the mind: behavioural and neural patterns of decision making between risky and safe drivers

Abstract

9Objective: Drivers' risk tendency is a key issue of on-road safety. The purpose of the 10 present study was to explore individual differences in drivers' decision-making 11 processes, linking external behaviors to internal neural activity, to reveal the cognitive 12 mechanisms of on-road risky behaviors. 13Methods: Twenty-four male drivers were split into two groups (risky versus safe

A Personalidade na Tomada de Decisão com o Iowa Gambling Task: Uma Revisão Integrativa

“…Em geral, a teoria da personalidade de Gray prediz que os sujeitos com um alto BIS são mais sensíveis às punições, enquanto os indivíduos com alto BAS são mais sensíveis às recompensas. Alguns autores têm, assim, evidenciado que a combinação baixo BIS -alto BAS (típica do fearlessness psicopático, por exemplo) implica um desempenho desvantajoso no IGT, ao contrário do que acontece quando os sujeitos apresentam um perfil alto BIS -baixo BAS (Ba, Zhang, Peng, Salvendy, & Crundall, 2016;van Honk, Hermans, Putman, Montagne, & Schutter, 2002). Tal acontece devido à distribuição dos reforços e das punições nos diferentes baralhos não ser ponderada da mesma forma pelos diferentes sujeitos.…”

Sensation Seeking, Non-contextual Decision Making, and Driving Abilities As Measured through a Moped Simulator

“…Thus, decision making represents an interesting topic in the field of road safety. For instance, a number of studies ( French et al, 1993 ; Farah et al, 2008 ; Lev et al, 2008 ; Le Bas et al, 2015 ; Ba et al, 2016 ) have tried to investigate the link between non-contextual decision making and the task-specific decision-making skills involved in driving behaviors. Farah et al (2008) used a driving simulator to assess the association between driving behavior and IGT performance.…”

“…On the other hand, mixed findings were reported when risky driving was measured through questionnaires. For instance Ba et al (2016) found that riskier drivers tended to pick cards from decks in which the penalties were small (although more frequent) in the IGT, independently from the overall net gain, whereas Le Bas et al (2015) failed in founding relations between IGT performance and on-road risky behaviors. One limitation of the IGT that could explain the inconsistency in the data is the fact that participants’ personality and mood seem to affect their performance in the IGT as well ( Buelow and Suhr, 2009 ).…”

“…As explained in the section “Introduction,” we considered that among the wide variety of risky driving predictors, non-contextual decision making is one of the most interesting. Indeed, the results regarding the relationship between decision making and risky driving, although sometimes controversial, seem to suggest that worse non-contextual decision-making skills correspond to riskier on-road behaviors ( French et al, 1993 ; Farah et al, 2008 ; Lev et al, 2008 ; Le Bas et al, 2015 ; Ba et al, 2016 ), assessed either with self-report tools or with driving simulators. On the other hand, there is evidence that sensation seeking may be involved in decision-making tasks, such as the IGT ( Crone et al, 2003 ; Linnet et al, 2006 ; Buelow and Suhr, 2013 ).…”

The effect of age on the personality and cognitive characteristics of three distinct risky driving offender groups

“…This frontal system assists in goal-directed behaviour and inhibition, and typically reaches full development by the mid to late 20's (Casey, Jones, & Hare, 2008). Disruptions in frontal-limbic systems are associated with excessive risk taking in adolescents and young adults (Dahl, 2008;Gianotti et al, 2009;Mäntylä, Karlsson, & Marklund, 2009;Steinberg & Laurence, 2010), compulsive behaviours and substance abuse in adults (Bechara, Dolan, & Hindes, 2002b;Dom, Sabbe, Hulstijn, & van den Brink, 2005;Koob, 2009;Potenza, Sofuoglu, Carroll, & Rounsaville, 2011;Verdejo-Garcia & Bechara, 2009), reckless driving (Ba, Zhang, Peng, Salvendy, & Crundall, 2016;Brown et al, 2016;Cheng, Ng, & Lee, 2012;Farah, Yechiam, Bekhor, Toledo, & Polus, 2008;Foy et al, 2016;Lev, Hershkovitz, & Yechiam, 2008;O'Brien & Gormley, 2013;Ross et al, 2015;Tabibi, Borzabadi, Stavrinos, & Mashhadi, 2015), and impaired driving (Bouchard, Brown, & Nadeau, 2012;Dedovic et al, 2016;Kasar, Gleichgerrcht, Keskinkilic, Tabo, & Manes, 2010;Ouimet et al, 2007). Overall, evolution across the lifespan in these systems represents a crucial backdrop for understanding individual differences in crash risk.…”