Risk Taking, Response Inhibition and the Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus

Muhlert,; Nils,; Boy,; Frederick,; Lawrence,; Andrew, Duncan John.

doi:10.1136/jnnp-2015-311750.39

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…We found a positive association with GMV as well as negative associations with WNFC in the IFC and with BNFC in the cognitive domain for the bilateral IFC. These associations may reflect disruptive brain maturation and are linked with control of attention, 27 , 28 set shifting, 29 , 30 and risk taking, 31 , 32 accounting for 3 of 5 arsenic-associated cognitive symptoms of executive function identified in our study, deficits of which underlie many psychiatric disorders in a transdiagnostic way. 33 , 34 Interestingly, increased GMV of the IFC (Broca area) has been observed among children with developmental language disorder, 35 a known symptom of arsenic exposure 17 that was not assessed in this investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Neurocognitive Analysis of Low-level Arsenic Exposure and Executive Function Mediated by Brain Anomalies Among Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults in India

Vaidya,

Holla,

Heron

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceArsenic, a contaminant of groundwater and irrigated crops, is a global public health hazard. Exposure to low levels of arsenic through food extends well beyond the areas with high arsenic content in water.ObjectiveTo identify cognitive impairments following commonly prevalent low-level arsenic exposure and characterize their underlying brain mechanisms.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis multicenter population-based cohort study analyzed cross-sectional data of the Indian Consortium on Vulnerability to Externalizing Disorders and Addictions (cVEDA) cohort, recruited between November 4, 2016, and May 4, 2019. Participants aged 6 to 23 years were characterized using deep phenotyping measures of behavior, neuropsychology, psychopathology, brain neuroimaging, and exposure to developmental adversities and environmental neurotoxins. All analyses were performed between June 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021.ExposureArsenic levels were measured in urine as an index of exposure.Main Outcomes and MeasuresExecutive function measured using the cVEDA neuropsychological battery, gray matter volume (GMV) from T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, and functional network connectivity measures from resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsA total of 1014 participants aged 6 to 23 years (589 male [58.1%]; mean [SD] age, 14.86 [4.79] years) were included from 5 geographic locations. Sparse-partial least squares analysis was used to describe a negative association of arsenic exposure with executive function (r = −0.12 [P = 5.4 × 10−4]), brain structure (r = −0.20 [P = 1.8 × 10−8]), and functional connectivity (within network, r = −0.12 [P = 7.5 × 10−4]; between network, r = −0.23 [P = 1.8 × 10−10]). Alterations in executive function were partially mediated by GMV (b = −0.004 [95% CI, −0.007 to −0.002]) and within-network functional connectivity (b = −0.004 [95% CI, −0.008 to −0.002]). Socioeconomic status and body mass index moderated the association between arsenic and GMV, such that the association was strongest in participants with lower socioeconomic status and body mass index.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that low-level arsenic exposure was associated with alterations in executive functioning and underlying brain correlates. These results indicate potential detrimental consequences of arsenic exposure that are below the currently recommended guidelines and may extend beyond endemic risk areas. Precision medicine approaches to study global mental health vulnerabilities highlight widespread but potentially modifiable risk factors and a mechanistic understanding of the impact of low-level arsenic exposure on brain development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Neurocognitive Analysis of Low-level Arsenic Exposure and Executive Function Mediated by Brain Anomalies Among Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults in India

Vaidya,

Holla,

Heron

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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“…This relationship, however, was only present when we controlled for individual differences in sensation seeking, indicating that personality characteristics might be an important factor for the role of arousal in inhibitory control. It seems vital to note that in one study, sensation seeking correlated with performance on the Stop Signal Task (Muhlert et al 2015), suggesting that sensation seeking might play an important role in motor inhibition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The impact of Yohimbine-induced arousal on facets of behavioural impulsivity

2019

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Rationale State-dependent changes in physiological arousal may influence impulsive behaviours. Objectives To examine the relationship between arousal and impulsivity, we assessed the effects of yohimbine (an α 2 -adrenergic receptor antagonist, which increases physiological arousal via noradrenaline release) on performance on established laboratory-based impulsivity measures in healthy volunteers. Methods Forty-three participants received a single dose of either yohimbine hydrochloride or placebo before completing a battery of impulsivity measures. Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored throughout the study. Results Participants in the yohimbine group showed higher blood pressure and better response inhibition in the Stop Signal Task, relative to the placebo group. Additionally, individual changes in blood pressure were associated with performance on Delay Discounting and Information Sampling tasks: raised blood pressure following drug ingestion was associated with more far-sighted decisions in the Delay Discounting Task (lower temporal impulsivity) yet reduced information gathering in the Information Sampling Task (increased reflection impulsivity). Conclusions These results support the notion that impulsive behaviour is dependent upon state physiological arousal; however, distinct facets of impulsivity are differentially affected by physiological changes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00213-018-5160-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…In individuals who smoke, cigarette use correlated negatively and motivation positively with the activation of the right inferior frontal gyrus during feedback no loss. The right inferior frontal gyrus has been assigned to self-control, reward prediction errors, and sensation seeking and high sensation seekers are less sensitive to punishment (42)(43)(44)(45). Higher cigarette use may hence imply lower self-control and response inhibition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective reward processing and catechol-O- methyltransferase Val158Met polymorphism as potential research domain criteria in addiction: A pilot study

et al. 2022

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The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach seeks to understand mental functioning in continuous valid dimensions ranging from functional to pathological. Reward processing is a transdiagnostic functioning domain of the RDoC. Due to prototypical abnormalities, addictions are especially applicable for the investigation of reward processing. Subjective reward processing is challenging to determine and differs between genotypes of the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism for incomparable daily life experiences. Thus, we implemented the monetary incentive delay (MID) task with comparable reward cues and visual analog scales (VAS) to assess subjective reward processing in male abstinent cannabis-dependent individuals (N = 13) and a control group of nicotine smokers (N = 13). COMT Val158Met genotypes were nominally associated with differences in cigarettes smoked per day and motivation in the MID Task (p = 0.028; p = 0.017). For feedback gain, activation of the right insula was increased in controls, and activation correlated with gain expectancy and satisfaction about gain. Subjective value is not detached from reward parameters, but is modulated from expectancy and reward by the insula. The underlying neural mechanisms are a fundamental target point for treatments, interventions, and cognitive behavioral therapy.

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Risk Taking, Response Inhibition and the Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Neurocognitive Analysis of Low-level Arsenic Exposure and Executive Function Mediated by Brain Anomalies Among Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults in India

Neurocognitive Analysis of Low-level Arsenic Exposure and Executive Function Mediated by Brain Anomalies Among Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults in India

The impact of Yohimbine-induced arousal on facets of behavioural impulsivity

Subjective reward processing and catechol-O- methyltransferase Val158Met polymorphism as potential research domain criteria in addiction: A pilot study

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