Risk Zones of Human Leishmaniases in the Western Mediterranean Basin: Correlations between Vector Sand Flies, Bioclimatology and Phytosociology

Rispail, P.; Dereure, J.; Jarry, D.

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762002000400004

Cited by 44 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The position of Tarascon-sur-Ariège on the Emberger's climatogram is also demonstrative; even though the mean minimum temperatures of the coldest month places this city in a negative zone, the Q2 index (91.83) is close to that of purely Mediterranean towns, such as Ajaccio, and even higher than those of Rome or Montpellier. Moreover, the climatogram places the studied area within the evergreen-oak vegetation stage, in accordance with our field observations, and in the humid and subhumid bioclimatic stages, which is confirmed by the predominance of the sandfly species P. ariasi, known to be related to these bioclimatic stages (Rispail et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…As the transmission of the disease is linked to the presence of the sandfly vector, the distribution of which is closely correlated with specific climate (Rispail et al 2002), global warming might be expected to increase the canine leishmaniasis enzootic area (Rodhain 2000). Therefore, a further objective has been to investigate the evolution of the enzootic with time and to try to correlate this with environmental changes, by studying climatic and landscape changes.…”

Section: T He Only Leishmania Species Transmitted In France Ismentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Potential Effects of Global Warming on Changes in Canine Leishmaniasis in a Focus outside the Classical Area of the Disease in Southern France

Dereure

Vanwambeke²,

Malé³

et al. 2009

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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In 1994, an ecoepidemiologic study was carried out in the mid-Ariège valley (French Pyrenees) where autochthonous cases of canine leishmaniasis had been previously reported. Serologic samples were collected from 336 dogs in two groups of villages. The seroprevalences were 11.67% in the valley villages and only 1.43% in the foothill villages. Five lymph node biopsies were taken from serologically positive dogs, and resultant isolates were identified as Leishmania infantum zymodeme MON-1. Phlebotomine sandflies were collected in five locations by CDC light traps. Both of the known French vectors, Phlebotomus ariasi and P. perniciosus, were identified. Bioclimatic and floristic studies showed that this area is an enclave of the supra-Mediterranean climatic zone, containing a typically xerothermophilic Mediterranean flora. The Pyrenees Mountains are usually considered to be outside of the endemic range of leishmaniasis in southern France, and so our demonstration of a microfocus of canine leishmaniasis in the northern foothills is noteworthy. A second serologic survey carried out in 2007 (216 dogs) showed an inversion of the seropositive rates between the two groups of villages compared with those of 1994: only 2.72% in the valley villages and 11.32% in the foothills villages. The decrease of seroprevalence in the first area (valley villages) can be related to a considerable use of deltamethrin collars during the transmission season. The increase of seroprevalence of the foothill villages could be related to climatic conditions, since there was an increase of about 1 degrees C in the mean annual temperature.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: T He Only Leishmania Species Transmitted In France Ismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Effects of Global Warming on Changes in Canine Leishmaniasis in a Focus outside the Classical Area of the Disease in Southern France

Dereure

Vanwambeke²,

Malé³

et al. 2009

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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“…Neither species was found in the Pla d'Urgell county, where it was only possible to sample one station. P. ariasi was not present in the southern counties (Garrigues and Segrià), probably because this species mainly inhabits humid or sub-humid zones with cold winters (Martínez Ortega, 1985;Gállego et al, 1990;Rispail et al, 2002;Aransay et al, 2004;Rioux, 2006), while P. perniciosus was not found in Vall d'Aran, which is the coldest and wettest county of Lleida province.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Also, changes in precipitation and temperature regimes related to climate change are thought to have impacted its distribution (de La Rocque et al, 2008;Ready, 2010;WHO, 2010;Maroli et al, 2013). Long-term climate change could lead to suitable conditions for the occurrence of sand fly species in areas previously free of them (Kuhn, 1999;Aspöck et al, 2008;Ready, 2010) and for the expansion of leishmaniasis and its sand fly vectors (Rispail et al, 2002;Maroli et al, 2008;Ready, 2008;WHO, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of individual analysis of environmental and climatic factors affecting the density of Leishmania vectors living in the same geographical area: the example of Phlebotomus ariasi and P. perniciosus in northeast Spain

Ballart

Guerrero

Castells³

et al. 2014

Geospat Health

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Abstract. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of specific environmental and climatic factors affecting the distribution and density of Phlebotomus ariasi and P. perniciosus, the proven vectors for Leishmania infantum in Spain. An entomological study was carried out in July 2006 in the province of Lleida with sticky traps set in their diurnal resting places at altitudes ranging from 86 to 1,755 m above the mean sea level (339 sites were sampled). Bivariate analysis revealed that factors such as altitude, bioclimatic zone, temperature, precipitation, sampling site (site relative to settlement, site situation, site category), wall vegetation, particular environment (in this case a natural park), general environment, adjacent natural vegetation and land cover were significantly associated with sand fly densities. The multivariate model for P. perniciosus revealed that its density was affected by site and land cover. Specifically, paved driveways correlated negatively with vector density (Incidence Risk Ratio (IRR): 0.41) and arable land cover correlated positively (IRR: 4.59). In the case of P. ariasi, a significant correlation was observed with the altitude and bioclimatic zone, with density increasing at >800 m above the mean sea level (IRR: 3.40) and decreasing in the meso-Mediterranean bioclimatic zone (IRR: 0.08). Both species were mostly found in agricultural and forest areas far from domestic environments. However, the two species correlated differently with altitude, bio-climate, vegetation, temperature and precipitation, which emphasises the importance of their individual analysis in studies regarding risk of leishmaniasis transmission.

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“…Le déplacement du front de maladie vers le nord serait favorisé par le phénomène de la désertification des zones steppiques constaté depuis plus d'une vingtaine d'années [8]. Plusieurs auteurs ont insisté sur l'impact des modifications environnementales et des changements climatiques sur l'évolution de la maladie ou son émergence dans certains foyers [2,9,11,29]. Ce travail a pour objectif de lever le voile sur le fonctionnement de ce nouveau foyer par l'identification des parasites isolés des patients et de rongeurs réservoirs de la maladie et d'établir l'inventaire de la faune phléboto-mienne de la zone d'étude.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Extension de Leishmania major au nord de l’Algérie

Boudrissa

Cherif

Kherrachi

et al. 2011

Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot.

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Since a long time, Leishmania major and L. infantum foci in Algeria were geographically separated by the mountains of the Tell Atlas which represent a natural barrier. Recently, a new focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) has emerged in the village of El M'hir, located on the north side of the chain of the Tell Atlas, in the basin of the Soummam. During the period 2004-2010, 152 CL cases have been registered and 12 isolates were obtained from patients who declared never having been outside the village the last years. The identification of the parasites showed that all strains belonged to L major MON-25. Investigations on the reservoir hosts showed the presence of the sand rat (Psammomys obesus), for the first time, in this locality. Five strains isolated from this rodent belonged to L. major MON-25. The sand rat, which is usually observed around the chotts in the Saharan and steppe areas, acts as the main reservoir of L. major in Algeria. Its presence in the new focus of El M'hir is reported for the first time. Entomological surveys carried out in 2009 showed the predominance of two sandfly species: Phlebotomus papatasi and P. perniciosus. The first one is known as a vector of L major in the Algerian Sahara. This study highlights the spread of L. major from the arid zones towards the semi arid areas, particularly in the Soummam valley. Climate changes and desertification observed in the steppe area northern Sahara could play a role in the extension of the disease.

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Risk Zones of Human Leishmaniases in the Western Mediterranean Basin: Correlations between Vector Sand Flies, Bioclimatology and Phytosociology

Cited by 44 publications

References 18 publications

The Potential Effects of Global Warming on Changes in Canine Leishmaniasis in a Focus outside the Classical Area of the Disease in Southern France

The Potential Effects of Global Warming on Changes in Canine Leishmaniasis in a Focus outside the Classical Area of the Disease in Southern France

Importance of individual analysis of environmental and climatic factors affecting the density of Leishmania vectors living in the same geographical area: the example of Phlebotomus ariasi and P. perniciosus in northeast Spain

Extension de Leishmania major au nord de l’Algérie

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