Risks in the Role of Co-Creating the Future of Tourism in “Stigmatized” Destinations

Abstract

The primary goal of this paper was to investigate the strength of the influence of different types of risk on the travelers’ intention to visit destinations in future, that are, prejudiced due to COVID-19, marked as “stigmatized”, “isolated”, or “risky destinations”. Field interview research was conducted at the “Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport” (Serbia). The results obtained by multiple regression analysis showed that all types of risks influenced the intention of travelers, with financial risk showing a more significant impact. Canonical discriminant analysis indicated that men were most afraid of human induced risk, service quality risk, natural disaster and COVID-19 risk, and they chose safer destinations. Among the women, the biggest fear was financial risk, socio-psychological risk, and food safety risk. Older respondents and those under the influence of external factors decided on safer destinations, while financial status did not play a significant role in predicting the choice of destination. The selection of the destination according to the degree of security was determined by the ordinal regression methodology. The entire research presents a certain novelty, because so far in the numerous studies on the topic of the negative consequences of COVID-19 on tourism, there has been no discussion of stigmatized or risky destinations that received that epithet, and were therefore negatively and unfairly marked in the minds of tourists for future visits.

Assessing Customer Satisfaction to Support Future Improvement Strategies of Healthcare Systems: Evidences from Russia and Romania

“…The least important attribute in both countries is the price of the paid services, which places the price, as a marketing mix component, in a low position in terms of importance given by the customers. These results are in line with other findings in the literature that reveal the importance of some attributes of the services such as the following: the quality management as an attribute of the process; the communication with the patients as a promotional activity; or the customer relations as a part of the personnel's involvement in the process [13][14][15][16][19][20][21][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Physical evidence is also considered in the literature as an important factor of the quality of healthcare services [18,34].…”

“…The recent COVID-19 pandemic crisis has widely highlighted the need for better services in healthcare systems, which were not sufficiently prepared for a large number of patients. Such situations require the better management of risk and special attention from the authorities, as many economic sectors could be affected simultaneously [16]. It is also assumed that certain changes in the behavior of individuals occur during such crises and in their perception of risk in the use of medical services [17].…”

Application of the PPM Model in Assessing the Impact of Economic Factors on the Selection of an Agro-Tourism Destination After Covid-19

“…Tourists have the need to choose the least risky destination as their tourist destination (George and Booyens, 2014;Gajić et al, 2022). A tourist destination can become an undesirable destination if the tourist perceives a certain risk and therefore chooses another destination (Crompton, 1992).…”

“…Tourism marketing activities, which have slowed down for some time due to Covid-19, continue, and the repeated exposure of travel information via social networks increases the interest of potential tourists in travel(Vukolić et al, 2022;Gajić et al, 2022). Furthermore, the preference for small group individual tours has increased over large package tours, and consumer views on travel behavior decisions are changing, such as the desire to minimize contact at travel destinations.…”

Perceptions of Urban Community Resilience: Beyond Disaster Recovery in the Face of Climate Change

“…While no broadly accepted single definition of community resilience exists, the varied definitions commonly focus on a communities' ability to plan/prepare for (and identify vulnerabilities), withstand, absorb, and rapidly recover from disasters to successful longterm adaptation towards changing social-economic-environmental conditions, as central to resilience [4,5,23,24]. Within this view, community resilience could be perceived as a strategy for promoting effective disaster readiness and response; or as a model consisting of a set of capacities; or as a process that links a set of adaptive capacities to a positive trajectory of functioning [6].…”