Risperidone

Germann, David; Kurylo, Natalie; Han, Feixue

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397220-0.00008-8

Cited by 32 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The average values over six DSC scans of the melting temperature (Tm) and the enthalpy of fusion at the melting temperature (Δ fus H) of form I are given in Table 2. The value of T m determined in this work as the mean extrapolated onset temperature (442.4 K) is slightly less than the value reported by Silva et al [6] (443.6 K), and slightly higher than those reported by Germann et al [1] (441.8 K) and Shah et al [7] (439.9 K), although it should be noted that these studies all used risperidone of unspecified or lower purity, higher heating rates (5-10 K min -1 ), and give no estimate on the confidence of their data. The value of the melting enthalpy determined here (43.94 kJ mol -1 ) is slightly lower than the value reported by Silva et al [6] (45.28 kJ mol -1 ).…”

Section: Thermal Analysiscontrasting

confidence: 74%

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Thermodynamics of risperidone and solubility in pure organic solvents

Mealey

Svärd

Rasmuson

2014

Fluid Phase Equilibria

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The solid-liquid solubility of the thermodynamically stable form I of the drug risperidone has been determined by a gravimetric method in nine pure organic solvents in the temperature range 278.15-323.15 K. The melting temperature and associated enthalpy of fusion of risperidone form I has been determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to be 442.38 K and 43.94 kJ mol -1 , respectively. The heat capacity of the solid form I and the melt have been determined over a range of temperatures by temperature-modulated DSC, and extrapolated data has been used to calculate the Gibbs energy, enthalpy and entropy of fusion from ambient temperature up to the melting point. The ideal solubility within a Raoult's law framework is obtained from the Gibbs energy of fusion, and the solution activity coefficient at equilibrium in the nine solvents quantified. Solutions in all solvents exhibit positive deviation from Raoult's law, with the highest solubility (closest to ideality) in toluene, an aprotic apolar solvent. The solubility curves plotted in a van't Hoff graph show non-linear behaviour and are well-approximated by a second order polynomial.

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Section: Thermal Analysiscontrasting

confidence: 74%

“…Its main pharmacological activity is the blocking of the serotonin type 2 (5HT2) receptor and dopamine type 2 (D2) antagonism [1]. The molecular formula of risperidone is C23H27FN4O2 (M.W.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamics of risperidone and solubility in pure organic solvents

Mealey

Svärd

Rasmuson

2014

Fluid Phase Equilibria

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“…Risperidone, a serotonin-dopamine antagonist, is one of the atypical antipsychotic drugs used for treating schizophrenia, bipolar mania, autism and other impulsive or aggressive behaviors mostly in adults [ 96 ]. Risperidone, like other atypical antipsychotic drugs, has affinity for dopamine (D2), serotonin (5-HT2A), alpha adrenergic (α-1 and α-2), and histamine (H1) receptors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanism of action of risperidone is not fully understood but current theories focus mainly on its inhibitory effects on D2 and 5-HT2A receptors [ 97 , 98 ]. The drug is metabolized in the liver primarily by CYP2D6 and to a lesser extent by CYP3A4 via hydroxylation to 9-hydroxyrisperidone, an equipotent metabolite [ 96 , 99 ]. CYP2D6 variation is known to impact this metabolic transformation [ 100 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Pharmacogenetics of Cytochrome P450-Associated Drugs in Children

Aka

Bernal

Carroll

et al. 2017

JPM

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Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are commonly involved in drug metabolism, and genetic variation in the genes encoding CYPs are associated with variable drug response. While genotype-guided therapy has been clinically implemented in adults, these associations are less well established for pediatric patients. In order to understand the frequency of pediatric exposures to drugs with known CYP interactions, we compiled all actionable drug–CYP interactions with a high level of evidence using Clinical Pharmacogenomic Implementation Consortium (CPIC) data and surveyed 10 years of electronic health records (EHR) data for the number of children exposed to CYP-associated drugs. Subsequently, we performed a focused literature review for drugs commonly used in pediatrics, defined as more than 5000 pediatric patients exposed in the decade-long EHR cohort. There were 48 drug–CYP interactions with a high level of evidence in the CPIC database. Of those, only 10 drugs were commonly used in children (ondansetron, oxycodone, codeine, omeprazole, lansoprazole, sertraline, amitriptyline, citalopram, escitalopram, and risperidone). For these drugs, reports of the drug–CYP interaction in cohorts including children were sparse. There are adequate data for implementation of genotype-guided therapy for children for three of the 10 commonly used drugs (codeine, omeprazole and lansoprazole). For the majority of commonly used drugs with known CYP interactions, more data are required to support pharmacogenomic implementation in children.

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“…For the purpose of the prototype, the research team selected a drug product, risperidone, that has applications and uses for children, adults, and the elderly. Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic drug that is a widely used benzisoxazole derivative approved by the FDA for the treatment of schizophrenia in 1994, for the short-term treatment of the mixed and manic states of bipolar disorder in 2003, and for depression and the treatment of irritability in children with autism in 2006 [25]. Risperidone has several important side effects of which the patients must be aware that are often ignored.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Medication Information Presentation Through Interactive Visualization in Mobile Apps: Human Factors Design

Roosan¹,

Yan²,

Law³

et al. 2019

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth

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BackgroundDespite the detailed patient package inserts (PPIs) with prescription drugs that communicate crucial information about safety, there is a critical gap between patient understanding and the knowledge presented. As a result, patients may suffer from adverse events. We propose using human factors design methodologies such as hierarchical task analysis (HTA) and interactive visualization to bridge this gap. We hypothesize that an innovative mobile app employing human factors design with an interactive visualization can deliver PPI information aligned with patients’ information processing heuristics. Such an app may help patients gain an improved overall knowledge of medications.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to explore the feasibility of designing an interactive visualization-based mobile app using an HTA approach through a mobile prototype.MethodsTwo pharmacists constructed the HTA for the drug risperidone. Later, the specific requirements of the design were translated using infographics. We transferred the wireframes of the prototype into an interactive user interface. Finally, a usability evaluation of the mobile health app was conducted.ResultsA mobile app prototype using HTA and infographics was successfully created. We reiterated the design based on the specific recommendations from the usability evaluations.ConclusionsUsing HTA methodology, we successfully created a mobile prototype for delivering PPI on the drug risperidone to patients. The hierarchical goals and subgoals were translated into a mobile prototype.

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Risperidone

Cited by 32 publications

References 46 publications

Thermodynamics of risperidone and solubility in pure organic solvents

Thermodynamics of risperidone and solubility in pure organic solvents

Clinical Pharmacogenetics of Cytochrome P450-Associated Drugs in Children

Improving Medication Information Presentation Through Interactive Visualization in Mobile Apps: Human Factors Design

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