Riverbank filtration in Cairo, Egypt—part I: installation of a new riverbank filtration site and first monitoring results

Ghodeif, Kamal; Paufler, S.; Grischek, Thomas; Wahaab, Rifaat Abdel; Souaya, Eglal M.R.; Bakr, M.; Abogabal, A.

doi:10.1007/s12665-018-7450-2

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The biogeochemistry process of Fe, Mn, and NH 4 + ‐N is relatively sufficient, and the correlation becomes obvious among them. Therefore, the variation of hydrodynamic condition has a certain influence on the correlation between Fe, Mn, and NH 4 + ‐N (Ghodeif et al, ; Paufler et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of well drawdowns on the mixing process of river water and groundwater and water quality in a riverside well field, Northeast China

Zhu

Zhai

et al. 2019

Hydrological Processes

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Riverbank filtration (RBF) has been widely used throughout the world as an effective means to regulate surface water and groundwater resources and pretreat raw water for municipal water supply. The quality of the water from a riverside well field and the mixing ratios of surface water and groundwater is primarily impacted by the hydrodynamic processes in the RBF system. The RBF system is largely controlled by the water exploiting system in addition to the natural hydrologic condition of the river–aquifer system. As one of the most important design parameters of the riverside well field, the drawdown of groundwater level greatly determines the water head differences between the river water and groundwater as well as the field flow net, which subsequently impacts the mixing of river water and groundwater and water quality significantly. This study aimed to improve the understanding of the mixing process between the surface water and groundwater and estimate the impact of the RBF on the mixing ratio of surface water–groundwater and water quality quantitatively. A set of field pumping tests with various groundwater level drawdowns were carried out independently and successively at a riverside field with a single pumping well near the Songhua River in Northeast China in August 2017. During these tests, the water levels and hydrochemical parameters of the Songhua River, the adjacent aquifer, and the pumping well were monitored. The dynamic mixing process of the river water and groundwater and water quality under various drawdown conditions were analysed systematically using analytical methods. The results obtained from Dupuit method and the Mirror Image method in conjunction with the Hydrochemical Tracing method showed that the pumping water directly from the river water reached 60% ± 10% after a steady flow net was established. The larger the proportion of the pumping water captured from the river, the better quality of the pumping water was, because the quality of the river water (only limited to some water quality parameters monitored which were minority) was better than that of the groundwater. The results also showed that total Fe, TDS, total hardness, CODMn, and K+ were relatively sensitive to the changes of groundwater drawdown, and their concentrations decreased with an increase in the groundwater drawdown. It can be concluded that both the mixing ratio of the surface water and the groundwater and the water quality of the riverside well field can be regulated through adjusting the designed drawdown of the groundwater level, which is helpful for the design and the optimization of the riverside well water intake engineering.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of well drawdowns on the mixing process of river water and groundwater and water quality in a riverside well field, Northeast China

Zhu

Zhai

et al. 2019

Hydrological Processes

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“…During flash floods, turbidity could increase by a hundred-fold. This happened during a flash flood in March 2014 [21] ( Figure 4) and in November 2016, when a shock load extended for about 15 days and severely affected all water treatment plants in Sohag. During those periods, the level of turbidity in River Nile reached a maximum of about 100 NTU in 2014 and 300 NTU in 2016.…”

Section: The Quality Of River Nile and The Ambient Groundwater In Luxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RBF is a sustainable low-cost technology applicable in Egypt (Table 6) and could be integrated into the conventional WTPs allocated on the Nile River banks as an additional source to secure water supply during accidental oil spills and extreme climate events. The increased water demand, together with the limited available surface water resources, make RBF a potential alternative for drinking water supply, especially in Upper Egypt [11,21].…”

Section: Sustainability and Cost Of Rbfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Quality Changes during the Initial Operating Phase of Riverbank Filtration Sites in Upper Egypt

Wahaab

Salah²,

Grischek

2019

Water

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To meet the increasing water demand and to provide safe drinking water in Egypt, the Holding Company for Water and Wastewater (HCWW) and its affiliated companies have started a program to develop riverbank filtration (RBF) sites in all Egyptian governorates. The paper gives an overview of water quality changes as a result of RBF, during the initial phase of operation at three sites in Upper Egypt, between 2015 and 2018. Significant changes were observed for chloride, sulfate, iron, manganese, ammonium, and in the bacterial counts. After the initiation of pumping from the RBF wells, it took 2 to 8 months until stable water quality was observed for the hydrochemical parameters and 2 to 14 months for the microbiological parameters. The results showed that RBF wells should be operated continuously, to maintain the advantage of lower Fe and Mn concentrations achieved by the wash-out effect in the aquifer zone, between the river bank and the RBF wells.

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“…The infiltration process through river bottom sediments and then through aquifer sediments causes natural purification and improvement of water quality along the flow path. Surface water, after infiltration from the river, becomes subjected to combined physical, biological and chemical processes, such as sorption, dissolution, red-ox processes, denitrification and biodegradation (Hiscock & Grischek, 2002;Ghodeif et al, 2018;Paufler et al, 2018). The influence of these processes causes the surface water to acquire features of groundwater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of the efficiency of riverbank filtration treatments in different types of wells

2018

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In the paper, a comparison of the efficiency of riverbank treatments is outlined for the Krajkowo well field, where different methods of water abstraction are used. The water is extracted from 29 vertical wells that are located at a distance of 60–80 m from the channel of the River Warta and from a horizontal well with radial drains located 5 m below the bottom of the river. The results of a two-year water-quality investigation indicate that the water quality in both types of abstraction system is influenced by the quality of river water. The water quality observed in the horizontal well is closely similar to that of the river water, with similar concentrations of sulphates, nitrates and micropollutants, but a reduction in bacteriological contamination and plankton is clearly seen. The reduction in contaminants is mainly the result of physical processes, such as mechanical entrapment of suspended material and colloids as well as bacteria and plankton. In the vertical wells, the influence of contamination from river water is also visible, but the reduction in contamination is more significant, especially in cases of bacteria, plankton, micropollutants and nitrates, and is determined by both physical and chemical processes, such as sorption, dissolution, red-ox processes and denitrification. The present research shows that river water treatment is more effective in the case of vertical wells. The most favourable distance of a well from the channel of the river, from the perspective of water quality, is 150–200 m, which corresponds to a residence time of about six months.

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Riverbank filtration in Cairo, Egypt—part I: installation of a new riverbank filtration site and first monitoring results

Cited by 22 publications

References 19 publications

The impact of well drawdowns on the mixing process of river water and groundwater and water quality in a riverside well field, Northeast China

The impact of well drawdowns on the mixing process of river water and groundwater and water quality in a riverside well field, Northeast China

Water Quality Changes during the Initial Operating Phase of Riverbank Filtration Sites in Upper Egypt

A comparison of the efficiency of riverbank filtration treatments in different types of wells

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