RIX-MAC: An Energy-Efficient Receiver-Initiated Wakeup MAC Protocol for WSNs

Park, Inhye; Lee, Hyungkeun; Kang, Seokjoong

doi:10.3837/tiis.2014.05.006

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Additionally, we have provided a review of the evolution of asynchronous duty cycle MAC protocols in WSNs from their early years to the present time. Instead of surveying a large number of protocols, we have described a few significant modified asynchronous MAC protocols [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. We have also discussed current issues that have arisen because of the implementation of asynchronous duty cycles in opportunistic routing.…”

Section: √ √mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RIX-MAC [36] protocol combines the advantages of X-MAC [30] and PW-MAC [34]. X-MAC avoids collisions via other transmitter frames.…”

Section: Rix-macmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wakeup state is divided into two periods: the Sched-wakeup (scheduled wakeup) and Synch-wakeup (synchronized wakeup) periods; the Synch-wakeup period is optional when a node wants to transmit data frames. RIX-MAC [36] transmits short preambles, as X-MAC does, and wakes up twice as much as PW-MAC. RIX-MAC handles the CA with a back-off time procedure.…”

Section: Rix-macmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Survey on the Evolution of Opportunistic Routing with Asynchronous Duty-Cycled MAC in Wireless Sensor Networks

Akter

Kang

2020

Sensors

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been used for environmental monitoring and reporting for many decades. Energy consumption is a significant research topic because wireless sensor nodes are battery-operated to be highly energy-constrained. Several strategies have been introduced in routing and MAC (Medium Access Control) layer protocols to facilitate energy saving. At the routing layer, an energy-efficient routing protocol, known as opportunistic routing (OR), has been designed to improve efficiency. OR achieves energy efficiency via load-balancing, which forwards packets along multiple routes over WSNs. At the MAC layer, an energy-efficient MAC protocol known as the asynchronous duty-cycled MAC (ADCM) protocol achieves energy saving by turning on and off a sensor node’s transmitter and receiver to eliminate unnecessary energy wastage. These protocols each have their own advantages and disadvantages. OR achieves energy efficiency at the routing layer but it raises an issue at the MAC layer. ADCM achieves energy efficiency at the MAC layer, but it hinders the packet forwarding efficiency of the OR. To attain better energy efficiency, a combination of these two ideas led to the development of OR with asynchronous duty-cycled MAC (OR-ADCM). However, even with better energy efficiency, limitations still exist in combining load-balancing and duty-cycling due to conflicts in the inherent properties of OR and ADCM. In this paper, we present a survey of the evolution of OR-ADCM over WSNs to help the reader better understand and appreciate the details of this tradeoff, which we hope will lead to the development of better protocol designs.

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Section: √ √mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RIX-MAC [36] protocol combines the advantages of X-MAC [30] and PW-MAC [34]. X-MAC avoids collisions via other transmitter frames.…”

Section: Rix-macmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rix-macmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Survey on the Evolution of Opportunistic Routing with Asynchronous Duty-Cycled MAC in Wireless Sensor Networks

Akter

Kang

2020

Sensors

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“…In this paper, we improve the energy efficiency and performance of a receiver-initiated MAC protocol, RIX-MAC, in [6] and propose a new RIX-MAC based on tree topology (TRIX-MAC). The operation of TRIX-MAC is substantially similar to one of RIX-MACs which utilizes the receiver-initiated wake-up scheme as described in RI-MAC [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Receiver-Initiated MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Tree Topology

Park¹,

Yi²,

Lee³

2015

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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This paper proposes receiver-initiated X-MAC with tree topology (TRIX-MAC), an improved energy-efficient MAC protocol based on an asynchronous duty cycling for wireless sensor networks with tree topology. TRIX-MAC improves energy efficiency through utilizing short preambles and adopting the receiver-initiated approach that minimizes sender nodes’ energy consumption by enabling transmitters to predict receiver nodes’ wake-up times and reduces receiver nodes’ energy consumption by decreasing the number of control frames. In many sensor network applications, the data flow from source nodes to a sink forms a unidirectional tree. A property of tree topology, the parent-child relation, is also exploited to reduce the likelihood of collisions between frames sent by children nodes. We use the network simulator, ns-2, to evaluate TRIX-MAC’s performance. Compared to the prior asynchronous duty cycling approaches of X-MAC, RIX-MAC, and PW-MAC, the proposed protocol shows better performance in terms of throughput, energy efficiency, and end-to-end delay.

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Impact of Simulation Environment in Performance Evaluation of Protocols for WSNs

Aby

Servajean

Hakem

et al. 2017

Ad-Hoc, Mobile, and Wireless Networks

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Wireless sensor networks are increasingly used in many emerging applications. This type of network is composed of hundreds of low-cost sensor nodes, but with a limited budget batteries, low communication range, limited throughput, reduced computing power, low memory and low storage capacity. Communication protocols are proposed in the literature to deal with technical challenges coming from low intrinsic resources of sensor nodes. In most of these studies, simulations comparing a proposed protocol with other existing protocols are performed to show that the proposed protocol provides overall better performance. However, the environmental specification that made these comparisons is very often neglected or non-existent. In this study we show that it is essential to have the simulation environment very well defined before considering whether a protocol provides better performance than others. To do this we use two duty cycle MAC protocols, the standard IEEE 802.15.4 and SlackMAC (a protocol that we proposed). The aim of the paper is not to make an exhaustive comparison of protocols. We intuitively know that SlackMAC provides a better overall performance than the standard. What we are trying to show is the gap between performances according to simulation conditions. We will mainly focus on the topologies used and the capture effect. The results draw attention to the fact that it is essential to clearly define the simulation environment and also to reconcile the chosen conditions with the results when comparing the performances of two protocols.

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RIX-MAC: An Energy-Efficient Receiver-Initiated Wakeup MAC Protocol for WSNs

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

A Survey on the Evolution of Opportunistic Routing with Asynchronous Duty-Cycled MAC in Wireless Sensor Networks

A Survey on the Evolution of Opportunistic Routing with Asynchronous Duty-Cycled MAC in Wireless Sensor Networks

A Receiver-Initiated MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Tree Topology

Impact of Simulation Environment in Performance Evaluation of Protocols for WSNs

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