RK-AES: An Improved Version of AES Using a New Key Generation Process with Random Keys

Yousaf

Security and Communication Networks

et al. 2020

Key schedule algorithms play an important role in modern encryption algorithms, and their security is as crucial as the security of the encryption algorithms themselves. Many studies have been performed on the cryptographic strength evaluation of the encryption algorithms; however, strength evaluation of the key schedule algorithms often obtains less attention that can lead towards the possible loophole in the overall encryption process. In this paper, a criterion is proposed to evaluate the cryptographic strength of the key schedule algorithms. This criterion includes different methods of data generation from subkeys and a suitable set of statistical tests. The statistical tests are used to explore the cryptographic properties such as diffusion, confusion, independence, and randomness in the subkeys generated by the key schedule algorithm. The proposed criterion has been applied to some of the key schedule algorithms of different block ciphers. The results confirm that the proposed criterion can effectively differentiate between strong- and weak-key schedule algorithms.

Section: Bit Independence Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptographic Strength Evaluation of Key Schedule Algorithms

Yousaf

Security and Communication Networks

et al. 2020

“…It is important to preserve the quality and privacy of these data from the sensors. To preserve the confidentiality of the data to guarantee that it cannot be tampered with, the data can be secured by encrypting the date with the PUF key or mechanisms such as the Message Authentication Code (MAC) and the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 256 [135]. The two broad types of application of PUFs are intrinsic and extrinsic [136].…”

Section: Implementation Of Pufsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proof-of-PUF Enabled Blockchain: Concurrent Data and Device Security for Internet-of-Energy

Asif

Ghanem

Irvine

2020

Sensors

A detailed review on the technological aspects of Blockchain and Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) is presented in this article. It stipulates an emerging concept of Blockchain that integrates hardware security primitives via PUFs to solve bandwidth, integration, scalability, latency, and energy requirements for the Internet-of-Energy (IoE) systems. This hybrid approach, hereinafter termed as PUFChain, provides device and data provenance which records data origins, history of data generation and processing, and clone-proof device identification and authentication, thus possible to track the sources and reasons of any cyber attack. In addition to this, we review the key areas of design, development, and implementation, which will give us the insight on seamless integration with legacy IoE systems, reliability, cyber resilience, and future research challenges.

“…The computed number of pixel change rate and the unified average change intensity revealed that the modified AES is more sensitive to differential attack. Authors in [12] made the various attacks that have been targeted at undermining the strength of AES known. Among these is fault injection attacks that could be used to reveal AES key.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Advanced Encryption Standard Algorithm for Information Security

et al. 2019

The wide acceptability of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as the most efficient of all of the symmetric cryptographic techniques has further opened it up to more attacks. Efforts that were aimed at securing information while using AES is still being undermined by the activities of attackers This has further necessitated the need for researchers to come up with ways of enhancing the strength of AES. This article presents an enhanced AES algorithm that was achieved by modifying its SubBytes and ShiftRows transformations. The SubBytes transformation is modified to be round key dependent, while the ShiftRows transformation is randomized. The rationale behind the modification is to make the two transformations round key dependent, so that a single bit change in the key will produce a significant change in the cipher text. The conventional and modified AES algorithms are both implemented and evaluated in terms avalanche effect and execution time. The modified AES algorithm achieved an avalanche effect of 57.81% as compared to 50.78 recorded with the conventional AES. However, with 16, 32, 64, and 128 plain text bytes, the modified AES recorded an execution time of 0.18, 0.31, 0.46, and 0.59 ms, respectively. This is slightly higher than the results obtained with the conventional AES. Though a slightly higher execution time in milliseconds was recorded with the modified AES, the improved encryption and decryption strength via the avalanche effects measured is a desirable feat.