RNA Interference: History, Mechanisms, and Applications in Pest Management

Palli, Subba Reddy

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-1518-2_25

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 99 publications

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“…They described this sequence-specific silencing and coined the term "RNA Interference ". In 2006 Andrew Fire and Craig Mello were awarded with Noble Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering RNAi mechanism [1,39] .…”

Section: History Of Rnaimentioning

confidence: 99%

RNAi machinery in insects and its challenges in pest management: A review

Gopalakrishnan¹,

Subramanian²,

Kalia³

2020

J. Entomol. Zool. Stud.

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a gene silencing mechanism mediated by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) through post-transcriptional regulation. RNAi is capitalized for studying gene function in a variety of organisms and it is commonly employed for down regulating gene expression in cell. The principle of RNAi silencing involves custom steps such as processing of dsRNA, formation of RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), target mRNA binding and cleavage. Nucleolytic degradation of the besieged mRNA by the RNase I enzyme (Argonaute -in case of insects) and RNase H enzyme (slicer -in case of nematode) results in gene silencing. The dsRNA uptake mechanism is mediated either through transmembrane channel or through endocytosis in insects. Among them SID-1 protein with 4 transmembrane domains is the major portal site for dsRNA uptake in insect midgut [15] . RNAi was successfully established in several insect orders like Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera and Lepidopteran pests such as corn planthopper, whitefly and pea aphid [51] . RNAi was highly efficient in coleopteran insects and have very low efficient in lepidopteran insects and the range of efficiency varies from 40% to 90% in insects. The variation is due to the inherent difference in RNAi machinery in insects influenced by different factors such as RNase, RNA-dependent polymerase (RdRP), SID 1 transmembrane channels and gut pH [32] . The presence of RNA nuclease (RNase) in the midgut and absence of RdRP in insects results in degradation of dsRNA in insect and trapping of dsRNA in acidic bodies in the midgut cells yields poor RNAi response in lepidopteran insects [45] . Understanding the inherent difference in RNAi machinery will help to resolve the strategies for efficient pest management through RNAi.

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Section: History Of Rnaimentioning

confidence: 99%

RNAi machinery in insects and its challenges in pest management: A review

Gopalakrishnan¹,

Subramanian²,

Kalia³

2020

J. Entomol. Zool. Stud.

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Comparative analysis of double-stranded RNA degradation and processing in insects

Singh

Mogilicherla

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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168

146

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RNA interference (RNAi) based methods are being developed for pest management. A few products for control of coleopteran pests are expected to be commercialized soon. However, variability in RNAi efficiency among insects is preventing the widespread use of this technology. In this study, we conducted research to identify reasons for variability in RNAi efficiency among thirty-seven (37) insects belonging to five orders. Studies on double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) degradation by dsRNases and processing of labeled dsRNA to siRNA showed that both dsRNA degradation and processing are variable among insects belonging to different orders as well as among different insect species within the same order. We identified homologs of key RNAi genes in the genomes of some of these insects and studied their domain architecture. These data suggest that dsRNA digestion by dsRNases and its processing to siRNAs in the cells are among the major factors contributing to differential RNAi efficiency reported among insects.

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RNA interference of NADPH-Cytochrome P450 reductase increases susceptibilities to multiple acaricides inTetranychus urticae

Adesanya

Cárdenas

Walsh

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is a polyphagous pest feeding on over 1,100 plant species, including numerous highly valued economic crops. The control of T. urticae largely depends on the use of acaricides, which leads to pervasive development of acaricide resistance. Cytochrome P450-mediated metabolic detoxification is one of the major mechanisms of acaricide resistance in T. urticae. NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) plays as a crucial co-factor protein that donates electron(s) to microsomal cytochrome P450s to complete their catalytic cycle. This study seeks to understand the involvement of CPR in acaricide resistance in urticae. The full-length cDNA sequence of T. urticae’s CPR (TuCPR) was cloned and characterized. TuCPR was ubiquitously transcribed in different life stages of T. urticae and the highest transcription was observed in the nymph and adult stages. TuCPR was constitutively over-expressed in six acaricide resistant populations compared to a susceptible one. TuCPR transcriptional expression was also induced by multiple acaricides in a time-dependent manner. Down-regulation of TuCPR via RNA interference (RNAi) in T. urticae led to reduced enzymatic activities of TuCPR and cytochrome P450s, as well as a significant reduction of resistance to multiple acaricides, abamectin, bifenthrin, and fenpyroximate. The outcome of this study highlights CPR as a potential novel target for eco-friendly control of T. urticae and other related plant-feeding pests.HighlightsPipernoyl butoxide significantly reduced abamectin, bifenthrin, and fenpyroximate resistance in T. urticae populationsT. urticae’s cytochrome P450 reductase (TuCPR) was cloned, sequenced and phylogenetically analyzedAbamectin, bifenthrin and fenpyroximate treatment induced TuCPR gene expressionSilencing of TuCPR in T. urticae caused a reduction in acaricide resistance

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RNA Interference: History, Mechanisms, and Applications in Pest Management

Cited by 3 publications

References 99 publications

RNAi machinery in insects and its challenges in pest management: A review

RNAi machinery in insects and its challenges in pest management: A review

Comparative analysis of double-stranded RNA degradation and processing in insects

RNA interference of NADPH-Cytochrome P450 reductase increases susceptibilities to multiple acaricides inTetranychus urticae

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