Robotic Instrument for Grinding Rocks Into Thin Sections (GRITS)

Paulsen, G.; Zacny, K.; Dreyer, Christopher B.; Szűcs, Attila; Szczesiak, Matt; Santoro, C.; Craft, J.; Hedlund, Magnus; Skok, J. R.

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2013.01.001

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…For example, Borazjani, Ghiasi-Freez, and Hatampour (2016) reported that the use of petrographic thin sections is the first step to understand the characteristics of a rock. In this sense, Paulsen et al (2013) established that thin sheets are principally used for the identification of minerals and aspects such as fractures, mineral zoning, and rock textures, as well as to concisely identify the formation of rocks and their classification. Samples of basaltic rock pieces reduced to a thickness of 30 microns (μm), with their polished surfaces, were used to determine that the aggregate used in permeable concrete is a basalt.…”

Section: Basaltic Rock Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permeable Concrete Design for Heavy Metal Absorption in Sustainable Roads

Silva-Juarez

Alegría

Gaxiola‐Camacho

et al. 2021

Tecnol. cienc. agua

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Nowadays, there is a great amount of heavy metals on highways and parking lots. For example, some of such heavy metals are generated mainly by factors as fuel and lubricants leakages, vehicles rust, and carbon emissions. Because of this and some other factors, water pollution occurs due to superficial slurring. In this paper, the application of natural basaltic rocks as an additive for permeable concrete mixtures is presented. During this process, the batch adsorption method is used to determine the effectiveness of the proposed material in removing arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd) concentrations that are typically found in low transit highways and other hydraulic infrastructure. The adsorption test was carried out by immersing 50 mm x 100 mm permeable concrete cylinders in 1-L beakers for 96 h using standard As, Zn, and Cd reagents with 10, 30, 50, and 90 mg/l concentrations, respectively. Results demonstrated that the retention efficiencies were decreased when As and Zn concentrations were increased. However, Cd presented better elimination levels at 90 mg/l concentration where results determined a Cd elimination up to 89 %, 98 % for As, and 75 % for Zn. Finally, based on the results, it is proposed a new methodology for the classification and characterization of basaltic rocks, such a methodology represents a novel process to design permeable concrete material using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry as the base to determine heavy metal absorption on concrete materials. The presented approach will contribute to the 2021, Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua Open Access bajo la licencia CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

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Section: Basaltic Rock Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permeable Concrete Design for Heavy Metal Absorption in Sustainable Roads

Silva-Juarez

Alegría

Gaxiola‐Camacho

et al. 2021

Tecnol. cienc. agua

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“…Recently, Dreyer et al (2013a), Dreyer et al (2013b proposed and tested a prototype of automated thin section preparation device for space exploration called IS-ARTS for in situ Automated Rock Thin Section Instrument (Paulsen et al, 2013). This system permits making thin sections from centimetric samples of any shape.…”

Section: Thin Section Preparation Device For Space Explorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to reproduce this double movement, the double axis rotation system shown in Figure 12F has been proposed. It can also be envisioned to use a disc having an outer abrasive area for grinding and an inner abrasive area for polishing as proposed by Dreyer et al, 2013b andPaulsen et al, 2013.…”

Section: Grinding and Polishing Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

LithoSpace: An Idea for an Automated System for in situ Petrographic Thin Section Preparation on Mars and Other Extraterrestrial Rocky Bodies

Foucher

Bost

Janiec

et al. 2021

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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Optical microscopy analyses using thin sections is one of the most standard techniques in geology. It permits identification of most rock-forming minerals and it is essential for micropaleontology since observation in transmitted light is the only way to observe individual, or colonies of, microfossils in their mineralogical and textural context. Thin sections are also used for other techniques such as Raman spectroscopy. In the framework of exploration of the Martian surface and of the search for potential relics of microbial life, the possibility to observe petrographic thin sections in situ would be revolutionary. Nevertheless, although optical microscopes can be readily designed for space exploration, thin section preparation is not easy to do in situ on extraterrestrial rocky bodies due to the generally harsh environmental conditions and to the difficulty to automate a protocol that normally requires several human interventions. The aim of the LithoSpace project, supported by the French Space Agency (CNES) since 2014, is to work on the development of an automated system permitting preparation of petrographic thin sections on extraterrestrial bodies, such as Mars, the Moon or asteroids. In this paper, we describe the approaches used to study rocks in situ during space missions and compare them to those used on Earth. Then, the relevance of making thin sections during space exploration is highlighted from the description of the data that could be collected from the analysis of these specific samples, using new instruments and instruments already sent to Mars. The standard preparation protocol is described as well as previously envisioned or existing in situ sample preparation systems. We then propose a protocol for automation of the preparation. Particular attention is paid to demonstrating the feasibility of making thin sections in the absence of liquid water and with energy consumption compatible with automated space probes. Tests are then carried out to control the quality of the prepared samples. On the basis of the demonstrated feasibility, an automated system is proposed as a conceptual all-in-one system. Finally, a “proof-of-concept” model developed with the help of students at different educational levels is presented.

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“…Schwendeman et al also have proposed the use of a saw wire and discussed structure of a wire-sawing machine from the theoretical aspect [11]. Then a prototype has been built [12] and a sequence has been tested only in air [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prototype Design of Wire-Sawing Machine for Preliminary Experiments to Lunar and Planetary Exploration

Furutani

Ikeda

Okada

et al. 2013

MSF

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This paper describes design of a prototype of a wire-sawing machine and some machining demonstrations. Slicing the rock samples is preferable to observe their interior for in-situ analysis in lunar and planetary explorations. The requirements for the wire-sawing machine were clarified as follows: using a long saw wire to extend the duty cycle, and winding and unwinding the saw wire with two reels. After building a prototype of the wire-sawing machine, the cutting performance in vacuum was compared with that in air. The cutting depth in vacuum leveled off and was smaller than that in air.

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Robotic Instrument for Grinding Rocks Into Thin Sections (GRITS)

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

Permeable Concrete Design for Heavy Metal Absorption in Sustainable Roads

Permeable Concrete Design for Heavy Metal Absorption in Sustainable Roads

LithoSpace: An Idea for an Automated System for in situ Petrographic Thin Section Preparation on Mars and Other Extraterrestrial Rocky Bodies

Prototype Design of Wire-Sawing Machine for Preliminary Experiments to Lunar and Planetary Exploration

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