Robots and emotion: a survey of trends, classifications, and forms of interaction

Savery, Richard; Weinberg, Gil

doi:10.1080/01691864.2021.1957014

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The idea of empowering robots and AI with this level of EQ is widely seen as a desirable and ultimate goal or a "Holy Grail." Some recent surveys studied the field of robotics and emotion [484], [485], [486], covering topics such as advanced sensors, the latest modeling methods, and techniques for performing emotional actions. Research in the fields of HRI, human-machine interaction (HMI), and human-AI interaction is highly relevant.…”

Section: Emotion and Robotics Ai Agents Autonomous Vehicles Animation...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlocking the Emotional World of Visual Media: An Overview of the Science, Research, and Impact of Understanding Emotion

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2023

Proc. IEEE

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The emergence of artificial emotional intelligence technology is revolutionizing the fields of computers and robotics, allowing for a new level of communication and understanding of human behavior that was once thought impossible. While recent advancements in deep learning have transformed the field of computer vision, automated understanding of evoked or expressed emotions in visual media remains in its infancy. This foundering stems from the absence of a universally accepted definition of “emotion,” coupled with the inherently subjective nature of emotions and their intricate nuances. In this article, we provide a comprehensive, multidisciplinary overview of the field of emotion analysis in visual media, drawing on insights from psychology, engineering, and the arts. We begin by exploring the psychological foundations of emotion and the computational principles that underpin the understanding of emotions from images and videos. We then review the latest research and systems within the field, accentuating the most promising approaches. We also discuss the current technological challenges and limitations of emotion analysis, underscoring the necessity for continued investigation and innovation. We contend that this represents a “Holy Grail” research problem in computing and delineate pivotal directions for future inquiry. Finally, we examine the ethical ramifications of emotion-understanding technologies and contemplate their potential societal impacts. Overall, this article endeavors to equip readers with a deeper understanding of the domain of emotion analysis in visual media and to inspire further research and development in this captivating and rapidly evolving field.

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Section: Emotion and Robotics Ai Agents Autonomous Vehicles Animation...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlocking the Emotional World of Visual Media: An Overview of the Science, Research, and Impact of Understanding Emotion

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2023

Proc. IEEE

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“…This analysis identified the three basic categories of the emotional model, the implementation, and emotional intelligence. This study summarizes the most important findings, looks to the future at potential applications, and discusses the inherent issues arising from the fusion of emotion and robotics [35,36].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Emotional Empathy in Intelligent Agents to Facilitate Precise Social Interaction

et al. 2023

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The research area falls under the umbrella of affective computing and seeks to introduce intelligent agents by simulating emotions artificially and encouraging empathetic behavior in them, to foster emotional empathy in intelligent agents with the overarching objective of improving their autonomy. Raising the emotional empathy of intelligent agents to boost their autonomic behavior can increase their independence and adaptability in a socially dynamic context. As emotional intelligence is a subset of social intelligence, it is essential for successful social interaction and relationships. The purpose of this research is to develop an embedded method for analyzing empathic behavior in a socially dynamic situation. A model is proposed for inducing emotional intelligence through a deep learning technique, employing multimodal emotional cues, and triggering appropriate empathetic responses as output. There are 18 categories of emotional behavior, and each one is strongly influenced by multimodal cues such as voice, facial, and other sensory inputs. Due to the changing social context, it is difficult to classify emotional behavior and make predictions based on modest changes in multimodal cues. Robust approaches must be used to be sensitive to these minor changes. Because a one-dimensional convolutional neural network takes advantage of feature localization to minimize the parameters, it is more efficient in this exploration. The study’s findings indicate that the proposed method outperforms other popular ML approaches with a maximum accuracy level of 98.98 percent when compared to currently used methods.

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“…Similar to humans, robots can change an observer's perception based on the trajectory it takes and the way it moves [9,42]. For example, higher acceleration can indicate an increase in urgency and cause fear, whereas slower movements can seem calm and relaxing to interact with [27,35]. One application of such movements is with dancing robots, which are designed to move with music and interact with human dance partners.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RoboGroove: Creating Fluid Motion for Dancing Robotic Arms

Rogel

Savery²,

Yang

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Movement and Computing

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Robotic motion has been studied for many purposes, such as effective fast movements, communicative gestures, and obstacle avoidance. Through this study, we are able to improve the perceived expressivity of a robot performing a task by generating trajectories. So far, robots have been very rigid in their movements, making them feel more robotic and less human. The concept of follow through, and smooth movement, can be used to increase animacy for a robot which leads to a more lifelike performance. In this paper, we describe the use of follow through to improve dances and grooves that can match the elegance of human dancers. We created two techniques using a non-humanoid robotic arm, to simulate this for a robotic dancer. Our first technique uses forward kinematics with trajectories that are generated based on a dancer moving to a beat. We mapped various movements of a human dancer to a set of joints on a robotic arm to generate the dancing trajectory. This technique allows a robot to dance in real-time with a human dancer, and also create its own smooth trajectory. The time delay that each human body part uses is implemented as time delay in the robot movements. The second method uses impedance control with varied damping parameters to create follow through. Robotic joints with low damping can passively move in response to other movements in a robot. The arm had high damping for any active moving joints, while the rest of the arm would passively react to this excitation; similar to how a human body responds to our own movement. These two methods were compared in a study where the robot would dance to a beat and users would qualitatively and quantitatively rate the robotic movement. The results of the survey showed that both methods provided an increase in animacy and anthropomorphism of a robot dancing to a beat. Impedance control had the highest rating for animacy, anthropomorphism, full body, and individual body rating. The use of impedance can provide a simple way for a robot to dance like a human, without a change to the primary trajectory.

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Robots and emotion: a survey of trends, classifications, and forms of interaction

Cited by 4 publications

References 65 publications

Unlocking the Emotional World of Visual Media: An Overview of the Science, Research, and Impact of Understanding Emotion

Unlocking the Emotional World of Visual Media: An Overview of the Science, Research, and Impact of Understanding Emotion

Prediction of Emotional Empathy in Intelligent Agents to Facilitate Precise Social Interaction

RoboGroove: Creating Fluid Motion for Dancing Robotic Arms

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