Robust and Efficient Stream Delivery for Application Layer Multicasting in Heterogeneous Networks

Abstract

Abstract-Application Layer Multicast (ALM) is highly expected to replace IP multicasting as the new technological choice for content delivery. Depending on the streaming application, ALM nodes will construct a multicast tree and deliver the stream through this tree. However, if a node resides in the tree leaves, it cannot deliver the stream to its descendant nodes. In this case, Quality of Service (QoS) will be compromised dramatically. To overcome this problem, Topology-aware Hierarchical Arrangement Graph (THAG) was proposed. By employing Multiple Description Coding (MDC), THAG first splits the stream into a number of descriptions, and then uses Arrangement Graph (AG) to construct node-disjoint multicast trees for each description. However, using a constant AG size in THAG creates difficulty in delivering descriptions appropriately across a heterogeneous network. In this paper, we propose a method, referred to as Network-aware Hierarchical Arrangement Graph (NHAG), to change the AG size dynamically to enhance THAG performance, even in heterogeneous networks. Finally, we evaluate the proposed scheme by experiments using the network simulator ns-2. By comparing our proposed method to THAG and SplitStream, we show that our method provides better performance in terms of throughput and QoS. The results indicate that our approach is more reliable than other methods in heterogeneous networks.

A Probabilistic Approach to Modeling Users' Network Selection in the Presence of Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

“…For heterogeneous networks, network-aware hierarchical arrangement graph based delivery of descriptions to ensure QoS, with dynamic sizing of the arrangement graph, is proposed in [12]. An application-level integration through a mobility gateway to enable users to connect to various networks using different kinds of devices is introduced in [13].…”

Design and Analysis of the Gateway-Level Topology Map in Topology-Aware ALM Systems

“…Now, we try to change the topology map construction way to shorten the map construction time after acquiring the topology information. There are some other ALM protocols [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] using topology information to construct the overlay network. But all these studies above and the source path topology discovery all need to obtain the Internet router level topology to form a complete network topology map.…”

Multiple Descriptions Based on Multirate Coding for JPEG 2000 and H.264/AVC

“…In the absence of further assumptions, we assume that the distortion depends on the particular subset of descriptions received. In fact (3) where is the set of descriptions received, whose cardinality is and is the highest rate at which the th subset is encoded among the received descriptions included in .…”

“…This allows one to keep the latency limited, which is a crucial requirement for real-time streaming applications. A recent proposal for robust stream delivery over a multiple-tree overlay network can be found in [3]. A common feature of multiple-tree protocols is that the data is split into several substreams, which are propagated thorough different overlay trees.…”