Robust and flexible wearable generator driven by water evaporation for sustainable and portable self-power supply

Zhao, Xiaohan; Xiong, Zijie; Qiao, Zhijun; Xue, Bai; Pang, Di; Sun, Jingchang; Bian, Jiming

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2022.134671

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The output power of the PNCSi‐HD was compared with other analogous devices in supporting information (Figure S7, Supporting Information). It exhibits a much higher output power (1.42 µW) than these devices (0.45, [ 40 ] 0.44, [ 41 ] 0.051, [ 33 ] 0.60, [ 42 ] 0.56, [ 43 ] 0.45, [ 44 ] and 0.53 µW [ 45 ] ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrovoltaic Nanogenerators for Self‐Powered Sweat Electrolyte Analysis

Huangfu

Guo

Mugo

et al. 2023

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Human sweat comprises various electrolytes that are health status indicators. Conventional potentiometric electrolyte sensors require an electrical power source, which is expensive, bulky, and requires a complex architecture. Herein, this work demonstrates an electric nanogenerator fabricated using silicon nanowire (SiNW) arrays comprising modified carbon nanoparticles. The SiNW arrays platform is demonstrated as an effective self‐powered sensor for sweat electrolyte analysis. It has been shown that an evaporation‐induced water flow in nanochannels can yield an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.45 V and a short‐circuit current of 10.2 µA at room temperature as a result of overlapped electric double layers. The electrolyte in the water flow results in a Voc decrease due to the charge shielding effect. The Voc is inversely proportional to the electrolyte concentration. The fabricated hydrovoltaic device shows the capability for sensing electrolytes in human sweat, which is useful in evaluating the hydration status of volunteers following intense physical exercise. The device depicts a novel response mechanism compared to conventional electrochemical sensors. Furthermore, the hydrovoltaic device shows a maximum output power of 1.42 µW, and as such has been successfully shown to drive various electronic devices including light‐emitting diodes, a calculator, and an electronic timer.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrovoltaic Nanogenerators for Self‐Powered Sweat Electrolyte Analysis

Huangfu

Guo

Mugo

et al. 2023

Small

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“…[ 65 ] Zhao et al suggested a three‐mixture mixing method that used TiO 2 or SiO 2 as the power generation materials, glass fiber as the mechanical support material, and polyvinylidene fluoride as the bonding medium to create a wearable device with superior lightweight, flexibility, and adhesion stability (Figure 5B). [ 22 ] Even after repeated cleansing with water flow and large‐scale deformation, the performance of the device remained unchanged, which reached the standard of practical application in flexible and wearable electronic devices.…”

Section: Selection Of Materials For Harvesting Energy From Water Evap...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Selection Of Materials For Harvesting Energy From Water Evap...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Third, the size of nanochannels is comparable to the Debye length of water to form the overlaps of EDLs. [20] The hydrovoltaic devices prepared by the above materials exhibit excellent potential in the fields of basic power generation equipment, [17] solar-energy evaporators, [21] and self-powered equipment [22,23] due to their advantages of no pollution, low cost, and high portability. [24,25] Although the evaporation-driven hydrovoltaic effect has unique advantages compared with other energy conversion effects, its capacity for practical application still faces bottlenecks.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Materials for evaporation‐driven hydrovoltaic technology

Zheng

Chu

Fang

et al. 2022

Interdisciplinary Materials

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Water constitutes the largest energy carrier on earth, absorbing more than 70% of the solar energy received by the earth's surface, yet its low exploitation has been a constant concern. The hydrovoltaic effect is an emerging technology that generates electricity through the direct interaction between nanomaterials and water of various forms (raindrops, waves, flows, moisture, and natural evaporation). Especially, the evaporation-driven hydrovoltaic effect is a spontaneous and ubiquitous process that can directly convert thermal energy from the surrounding environment into electricity without the demand for additional mechanical work, which shows unique advantages compared with other hydrovoltaic effects. A variety of nanostructured materials have been steadily developed for evaporation-driven hydrovoltaic devices (EHDs) in recent years. However, there has been a lack of a clear specification on the selection and design of materials for improving device performance. Herein, we first analyze the mechanisms of EHDs followed by a summarization of the recent advances in materials, including carbon materials, biomass-based materials, metal oxides, composite materials, and others. We then discuss the strategies for improving the energy conversion efficiency and the output power in terms of structural design, surface modification, and interface treatment. Finally, we provide an outlook on the potential applications of electricity generation, sensors, and desalination technology, as well as the challenges and prospects for the development of this emerging technology in the future.

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“…4 In addition to carbon-based materials, 1,[4][5][6][7] solid oxides are oen used to make NWEGs with a positive charge surface due to the dissociation of the hydroxyl group in aqueous solution. [8][9][10] For example, Shao et al fabricated a exible NWEG using Al 2 O 3 as the power generation material and printed it on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. Such single Al 2 O 3 -based NWEGs can generate voltages up to 2.5-4.5 V. 11 Our group recently used NiAl layered double hydroxides (NiAl-LDH) to make a exible NWEG with a V oc of 0.7 V. 12 Furthermore, paper, 13 natural wood, 14 textiles, 15 and other materials 16 are also constructed to make NWEGs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanochannel-dependent power generation performance of NiAl-LDH/SiO₂-based generators driven by natural water evaporation

Guan

et al. 2022

Sustainable Energy Fuels

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Robust and flexible wearable generator driven by water evaporation for sustainable and portable self-power supply

Cited by 29 publications

References 58 publications

Hydrovoltaic Nanogenerators for Self‐Powered Sweat Electrolyte Analysis

Hydrovoltaic Nanogenerators for Self‐Powered Sweat Electrolyte Analysis

Materials for evaporation‐driven hydrovoltaic technology

Nanochannel-dependent power generation performance of NiAl-LDH/SiO₂-based generators driven by natural water evaporation

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Robust and flexible wearable generator driven by water evaporation for sustainable and portable self-power supply

Cited by 29 publications

References 58 publications

Hydrovoltaic Nanogenerators for Self‐Powered Sweat Electrolyte Analysis

Hydrovoltaic Nanogenerators for Self‐Powered Sweat Electrolyte Analysis

Materials for evaporation‐driven hydrovoltaic technology

Nanochannel-dependent power generation performance of NiAl-LDH/SiO2-based generators driven by natural water evaporation

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Nanochannel-dependent power generation performance of NiAl-LDH/SiO₂-based generators driven by natural water evaporation