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A micrometer-thin solid-state supercapacitor (SC) was assembled using two pieces of porous carbon nanofibers/ultrathin graphite (pCNFs/G) hybrid films, which were one-step synthesized by chemical vapor deposition using copper foil supported Co catalyst. The continuously ultrathin graphite sheet (∼ 25 nm) is mechanically compliant to support the pCNFs even after etching the copper foil and thus can work as both current collector and support directly with nearly ignorable fraction in a SC stack. The pCNFs are seamlessly grown on the graphite sheet with an ohmic contact between the pCNFs and the graphite sheet. Thus, the accumulated electrons/ions can duly transport from the pCNFs to graphite (current collector), which results in a high rate performance. The maximum energy density and power density based on the whole device are up to 2.4 mWh cm(-3) and 23 W cm(-3), which are even orders higher than those of the most reported electric double-layer capacitors and pseudocapacitors. Moreover, the specific capacitance of the device has 96% retention after 5000 cycles and is nearly constant at various curvatures, suggesting its wide application potential in powering wearable/miniaturized electronics.

Inspired by metal corrosion in air, we demonstrate that metal-catalyzed electroless etching (MCEE) of silicon can be performed simply in aerated HF/H2O vapor for facile fabrication of three-dimensional silicon nanostructures such as silicon nanowires (SiNW) arrays. Compared to MCEE commonly performed in aqueous HF solution, the present pseudo gas phase etching offers exceptional simplicity, flexibility, environmental friendliness, and scalability for the fabrication of three-dimensional silicon nanostructures with considerable depths because of replacement of harsh oxidants such as H2O2 and AgNO3 by environmental-green and ubiquitous oxygen in air, minimum water consumption, and full utilization of HF.

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