Graphitization and microstructure transformation of nanodiamond to onion-like carbon

Qiao, Zhijun; Li, Jiajun; Zhao, Naiqin; Shi, Chunsheng; Nash, Philip

doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.09.037

Cited by 133 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Thus the effective size of the nanodiamond can simply be inferred from the sharpness of the XRD peaks. The sp 2 carbon will also have a vibrational response, as seen in studies on the graphitisation of nanodiamond [13,14], though our study deals with trace amounts of sp 2 carbon and hence its detection will be difficult and heavily dependent on the sensitivity of the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave determination of sp2 carbon fraction in nanodiamond powders

Cuenca

Thomas

Mandal

et al. 2015

Carbon

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave determination of sp2 carbon fraction in nanodiamond powders

Cuenca

Thomas

Mandal

et al. 2015

Carbon

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“…[ 49 ] Finally, as well illustrated in the HRTEM images (Figures 2 J, 3 F), the signifi cant increase in the contrast of the area surrounding the NCs with increasing the exposure time, is probably related to the graphitization of the coating chains, which results in the formation of a highly protective shell. [ 50 ] While the stability of the 2D arrays is mainly ensured at low exposure time by the self-organization effect, it is probably reinforced at higher exposure time by the alkyl chain graphitization. Using our ability to control accurately the nanocrystallinity of Co NPs (while keeping unchanged their size, and coating agent) from highly disordered polycrystals to hcp single crystals, we highlight an unambiguous nanocrystallinity effect on the electron beam-induced oxidation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Organization and/or Nanocrystallinity of Co Nanocrystals Effects on the Oxidation Process Using High‐Energy Electron Beam

Cazacu

Larosa

Beaunier³

et al. 2013

Adv Funct Materials

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The enhanced stability of Co nanocrystals (NCs) when they are highly ordered at both nanometer and micrometer scales is reported. For the first time, it is shown that both the crystalline structure of Co nanoparticles (NPs) and their 2D hexagonal organization have a significant impact on the oxidation process rate enabling to produce various types of nanostructures including core‐shell NPs. The Co core can be either polycrystalline or hexagonal close‐packed (hcp) single‐crystalline, whereas the oxide shell is composed either of CoO or of the spinel structrure Co3O4. The present results are evidenced through a careful high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) study and are highly reproducible.

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“…In particular, the high synthesis cost and low yield are not conducive to further research on its performances and applications. For example, the lowest annealing temperature and the vacuum reported are 1200 C and 1.0 Â 10 À2 Pa, respectively, for the heat treatment method [37][38][39]. These conditions are very difficult for realising volume-produce of the OLC, which limit the application of the OLC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HRTEM and Raman characterisation of the onion-like carbon synthesised by annealing detonation nanodiamond at lower temperature and vacuum

Zou¹,

Li²,

Lv³

et al. 2010

Journal of Experimental Nanoscience

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Onion-like carbon (OLC) was synthesised by annealing detonation nanodiamond for 1.5 h at temperatures from 500 to 1400 C and at a vacuum of 1 Pa. The results showed that the nanodiamond was transformed into the amorphous carbon (a-C) at first and then the a-C was transformed into the OLC gradually with the increase in annealing temperature. Moreover, at the annealing temperature of 600 C, the nanodiamond started transforming into a-C from the edge of the nanodiamond particle (1 1 1) crystal plane. At the annealing temperature of 750 C, the nanodiamond was transformed into the a-C completely. At the annealing temperature of 850 C, the a-C began transforming into the OLC at the edge area. At the annealing temperature of 1000 C, the OLC particle with a size smaller than 5 nm was synthesised. However, in the centre of the OLC particle, untransformed a-C coexisted. At the annealing temperature of 1100 C, the microstructure of the OLC particle with a size smaller than 5 nm became optimised. At the annealing temperature of 1200 C, the OLC particle with a size larger than 5 nm was fabricated. There was also untransformed a-C coexisting in the centre of the OLC particle. At the annealing temperature of 1350 C, all the a-C was transformed into the OLC. The average size of the OLC was approximately 5 nm, which was the same as that of the nanodiamond. The layers of the OLC were varied from several to 12.

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Graphitization and microstructure transformation of nanodiamond to onion-like carbon

Cited by 133 publications

References 23 publications

Microwave determination of sp2 carbon fraction in nanodiamond powders

Microwave determination of sp2 carbon fraction in nanodiamond powders

Self‐Organization and/or Nanocrystallinity of Co Nanocrystals Effects on the Oxidation Process Using High‐Energy Electron Beam

HRTEM and Raman characterisation of the onion-like carbon synthesised by annealing detonation nanodiamond at lower temperature and vacuum

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