“…The following two parameters play a key role in our analysis: - The norm of the relative interagent position error ρ j i where q j i = q j − q i is the current relative position vector between agents j and i , and c j i is the prescribed relative position vector .
- The relative misalignment angular error α k j i where α k j i is here defined as the angular difference between the k th agent's orientation ϕ k and the interagent angular error ψ j i between agent j and i : ψ j i = a tan2( q j i , y − c j i , y , q j i , x − c j i , x ). The function is equivalent to a four‐quadrant arctangent function defined as where
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