2000
DOI: 10.1016/s0924-4247(00)00342-3
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Robust giant magnetoresistance sensors

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Cited by 95 publications
(37 citation statements)
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“…Magnetic sensors based on the magnetoresistance of a material have been investigated intensively for quite a while [21,22]. In addition, magnetoresistant materials are of great interest in the field of spintronics, see Ref.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Magnetic sensors based on the magnetoresistance of a material have been investigated intensively for quite a while [21,22]. In addition, magnetoresistant materials are of great interest in the field of spintronics, see Ref.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The multilayers of copper and cobalt/nickel find application in high-density magnetic storage media, GMR sensors, hard coatings [1][2][3][4], etc. Physical evaporation techniques viz sputtering, molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), electron beam evaporation and pulse laser ablation [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] have been extensively used to grow multilayers of these elements.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Antiferromagnetic layers are an important component of hard disk read heads and of non-volatile magnetic random access memory elements, MRAM. The effect of exchange bias at the interface between an antiferromagnetic (AFM) and a ferromagnetic (FM) layer expresses itself as a unidirectional pinning or anisotropy of the magnetization of the ferromagnet, and is utilized to fix the magnetization in a magnetic reference layer in a spin-valve structure or a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), which consists of two ferromagnetic layers separated by a non-magnetic metal (spin-valve) or an insulator (MTJ) [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%