Robust Markers of Coffee Consumption Identified Among the Volatile Organic Compounds in Human Urine

In this review, we consider and discuss the affinity and complementarity between a generic sample preparation technique and the comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography process. From the initial technical development focus (e.g., on the GC×GC and solid‐phase microextraction techniques), the trend is inevitably shifting toward more applied challenges, and therefore, the preparation of the sample should be carefully considered in any GC×GC separation for an overreaching research. We highlight recent biomedical, food, and plant applications (2016–July 2020), and specifically those in which the combination of tailored sample preparation methods and GC×GC–MS has proven to be beneficial in the challenging aspects of non‐targeted analysis. Specifically on the sample preparation, we report on gas‐phase, solid‐phase, and liquid‐phase extractions, and derivatization procedures that have been used to extract and prepare volatile and semi‐volatile metabolites for the successive GC×GC analysis. Moreover, we also present a milestone section reporting the early works that pioneered the combination of sample preparation techniques with GC×GC for non‐targeted analysis.

“…In the context of biofluids, SPME in HS mode is the second most popular technique for volatile analytes characterization by GC×GC [43–46]. Mack et al.…”

Section: Non‐targeted Analysis Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Non‐targeted Analysis Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of sample preparation in multidimensional gas chromatographic separations for non‐targeted analysis with the focus on recent biomedical, food, and plant applications

Franchina

Zanella

Dubois

et al. 2020

“…There are a few studies also performed the nontargeted screening approaches for screening and semiquantification (or relative quantification) of a huge number of VOCs in human specimens, specifically in urine and breath samples [45,56,57]. To distinctly identify a real smoking habit and/or event, Capone et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, to delineate the role of diet (especially coffee consumption) as a crucial factor affecting the VOCs composition, Mack et al. conducted a detailed biomonitoring research via Karlsruhe Metabolomics and Nutrition (KarMeN) study [57]. Overall, they detected 138 VOCs and they found that six of them could serve as potential biomarkers of coffee consumption, particularly 3,4‐dimethyl‐2,5‐furandione as the most promising biomarker.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid‐phase microextraction for the human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals: Current applications and future perspectives

Kim

Karthikraj

2020

Sample preparation is one of the crucial steps in the analytical chemistry including human biomonitoring studies. Although there are several traditional approaches available, solid‐phase microextraction is emerged as one of the pioneering techniques due to its simplicity, rapidness, wide applicability, and miniaturization of traditional sample preparation (e.g., use of less or no organic solvents). There are few earlier review articles available on the advancements in solid‐phase microextraction and its use for the measurement of environmental chemicals in various types of environmental samples. However, a collective information on applicability and current usage of solid‐phase microextraction for the human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals are scarce, nonetheless, rising demands on innovative analytical approaches for human biomonitoring studies. Hence, in this review article, we covered the application of solid‐phase microextraction as extraction/purification methods for more than 15 classes of environmental chemicals to assess their respective exposure levels and associated health outcomes in various human population reported across the globe. Further, a detailed discussion on various types of matrix used, nature of coupled analytical instrumentations, and limitations and future perspectives of solid‐phase microextraction for human biomonitoring studies is presented in this review.

Comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography as a boosting technology in food‐omic investigations

Stilo

Bicchi

Reichenbach

et al. 2021

Self Cite

This review focuses on the role that comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography can play within the investigation workflows of food-omics and related disciplines and subdisciplines, including food metabolomics, nutrimetabolomics, sensomics, and food safety. After a short introductory survey, discussing the intriguing context of system biology and integrationist approaches of investigation, the concepts of analytical dimensions and the key characteristics of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography are introduced. Through a selection of relevant examples, the boosting role of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography within food-omics is described, providing to the reader evidence of how comprehensive multidimensional separations based platforms have introduced new concepts and tools in the analytical measurement of complex biological samples.