2022
DOI: 10.1002/lom3.10511
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Robust ocean color from drones: Viewing geometry, sky reflection removal, uncertainty analysis, and a survey of the Gulf Stream front

Abstract: Accurate and robust retrieval of ocean color from remote sensing enables critical observations of aquatic natural systems, from open ocean biological oceanography, coastal biodiversity, and water quality for human health. In the last decade, studies have increasingly highlighted the important role of small‐scale processes in coastal and marine ecology and biogeochemistry, but observation and modeling at these scales remains technologically limited. Unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS, aka drones) can rapidly samp… Show more

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Cited by 6 publications
(8 citation statements)
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“…For this reason, most UAVbased marine studies are restricted to the coastline [12,19,20] or to small water bodies [21], where the influence of terrestrial areas provides common features to overcome the limitations of this technology in the immediately adjacent water portion. Another challenge is the reflective behavior of the water surface; UAV imagery can be significantly impacted by sun glint and surface-reflected light [8,22]. Consequently, highly reflective bright patches can appear in single captures and in the final orthomosaic even with photogrammetric processing techniques [13].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…For this reason, most UAVbased marine studies are restricted to the coastline [12,19,20] or to small water bodies [21], where the influence of terrestrial areas provides common features to overcome the limitations of this technology in the immediately adjacent water portion. Another challenge is the reflective behavior of the water surface; UAV imagery can be significantly impacted by sun glint and surface-reflected light [8,22]. Consequently, highly reflective bright patches can appear in single captures and in the final orthomosaic even with photogrammetric processing techniques [13].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Several techniques have been developed to georeference and mosaic aerial imagery collected over water surfaces [8,9,[22][23][24]. De Keukelaere et al (2023) achieved high-quality georeferenced orthomosaics through the application of the commercial VITO MapEO water software, which allowed the generation of final water quality orthomosaics (chlorophyll-a and turbidity concentration) with a spatial resolution of 2 m/px [8].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This is inadequate for coastal areas or small islands such as Malta. Although in the last few years several advancements in ocean colour remote-sensing protocols have been registered, issues related to the spectral and temporal gaps that do not allow for sub-mesoscale information to be acquired still persist [26].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Clouds do not affect data collection. Moreover, UAVs are much cheaper to procure and operate than other remote-sensing tools [3,13,26,27]. Various lightweight sensors can be mounted to measure optical RGB, thermal, multispectral, and LiDAR bands to estimate in-turn values for a range of water-quality parameters similar to those obtained by satellite, such as sea surface temperature (SST), TSS, Chl-a, and total nitrogen or total phosphorus [11].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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