Robust polarity establishment occurs via an endocytosis-based cortical corralling mechanism

Jose, Mini; Tollis, Sylvain; Nair, Deepak; Sibarita, Jean‐Baptiste; McCusker, Derek

doi:10.1083/jcb.201206081

Cited by 65 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Thus, if more membrane is delivered than Cdc42, the net effect could be a dilution of Cdc42 concentration on the plasma membrane. In this regard, it has been shown in yeast that a local autocatalytic positive feedback together with an endocytosis-based corralling mechanism ensures that exocytosis is a driving factor for polarization [32,33]. Whether a similar mechanism exists in mammalian cells remains to be elucidated.…”

Section: The Golgi Pool Acts In Conjunction With the Plasma Membrane mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cdc42 and Cellular Polarity: Emerging Roles at the Golgi

Farhan

Hsu

2016

Trends in Cell Biology

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Cdc42 belongs to the Rho family of small GTPases and plays key roles in cellular events of polarity. This role of Cdc42 has typically been attributed to its function at the plasma membrane. However, Cdc42 also exists at the Golgi complex. In this review, we summarize major insights that have been gathered in studying the Golgi-pool of Cdc42 and propose that Golgi-localized Cdc42 enables the cell to diversify the function of Cdc42, which in some cases represent new roles, and in other cases act to complement the established roles of Cdc42 at the plasma membrane. Studies on how Cdc42 acts at the Golgi also suggest key questions to address in the future.

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Section: The Golgi Pool Acts In Conjunction With the Plasma Membrane mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cdc42 and Cellular Polarity: Emerging Roles at the Golgi

Farhan

Hsu

2016

Trends in Cell Biology

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“…Hence, dual roles in transport to and from the cell surface, and integration with the cytoskeleton and multiple GTPases, confirms that exocyst is indeed a major hub controlling intracellular trafficking [25]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deliberate mistargeting of exocyst subunits to the mitochondrion recruits both additional exocyst subunits to this site and secretory cargo, supporting an exocyst function in secretion [24]. Imaging studies indicate involvement in endocytic events, as exocyst mutants display altered endocytic and post-Golgi vesicle dynamics [25], further supported by the spatial proximity of endocytic and exocytic sites in several organisms, including Drosophila melanogaster , yeast, and trypanosomatids [25–28]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Trypanosome Exocyst: A Conserved Structure Revealing a New Role in Endocytosis

et al. 2017

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Membrane transport is an essential component of pathogenesis for most infectious organisms. In African trypanosomes, transport to and from the plasma membrane is closely coupled to immune evasion and antigenic variation. In mammals and fungi an octameric exocyst complex mediates late steps in exocytosis, but comparative genomics suggested that trypanosomes retain only six canonical subunits, implying mechanistic divergence. We directly determined the composition of the Trypanosoma brucei exocyst by affinity isolation and demonstrate that the parasite complex is nonameric, retaining all eight canonical subunits (albeit highly divergent at the sequence level) plus a novel essential subunit, Exo99. Exo99 and Sec15 knockdowns have remarkably similar phenotypes in terms of viability and impact on morphology and trafficking pathways. Significantly, both Sec15 and Exo99 have a clear function in endocytosis, and global proteomic analysis indicates an important role in maintaining the surface proteome. Taken together these data indicate additional exocyst functions in trypanosomes, which likely include endocytosis, recycling and control of surface composition. Knockdowns in HeLa cells suggest that the role in endocytosis is shared with metazoan cells. We conclude that, whilst the trypanosome exocyst has novel components, overall functionality appears conserved, and suggest that the unique subunit may provide therapeutic opportunities.

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“…Several studies that combine mathematical modeling with in vitro experimental data suggest that the generation of apical basal polarity occurs, at least in part, through vesicular membrane sorting. For example, in yeast, cell polarity is established via the spatial coordination of endocytosis and exocytosis [31, 32]. In MDCK cells, vesicular trafficking of apical membrane components, such as podocalyxin, occurs during the formation of the pre-apical patch [30], and a similar process might occur in nephron tubulogenesis.…”

Section: Cellular Mechanisms Of Lumen Formation In Renal Epitheliamentioning

confidence: 99%

A holey pursuit: lumen formation in the developing kidney

Marciano

2016

Pediatr Nephrol

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Formation of polarized epithelial tubules is a hallmark of kidney development. One of the fundamental principles in tubulogenesis is that epithelia coordinate the polarity of individual cells with the surrounding cells and matrix. A central feature in this process is the segregation of membranes into spatially and functionally distinct apical and basolateral domains, and the generation of a luminal space at the apical surface. This review will examine our current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the establishment of apical-basal polarity and lumen formation in developing renal epithelia, including the roles of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and polarity complexes. We will highlight growing evidence from animal models, and correlate these findings with models of tubulogenesis from other organs systems, as well as from in vitro studies.

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Robust polarity establishment occurs via an endocytosis-based cortical corralling mechanism

Abstract: Cell polarity can be established via the spatial coordination of the opposing membrane trafficking activities of endocytosis and exocytosis.

Cited by 65 publications

References 52 publications

Cdc42 and Cellular Polarity: Emerging Roles at the Golgi

Cdc42 and Cellular Polarity: Emerging Roles at the Golgi

The Trypanosome Exocyst: A Conserved Structure Revealing a New Role in Endocytosis

A holey pursuit: lumen formation in the developing kidney

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