Robust, Self‐Healing Superamphiphobic Fabrics Prepared by Two‐Step Coating of Fluoro‐Containing Polymer, Fluoroalkyl Silane, and Modified Silica Nanoparticles

Zhou, Hua; Wang, Hongxia; Niu, Haitao; Gestos, Adrian; Lin, Tong

doi:10.1002/adfm.201202030

Cited by 446 publications

(302 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The fluorinated GF membrane was then briefly immersed in a solution of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) and FAS dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF). 38 Finally, the modified membrane was subjected to heat treatment at 130°C for 1 h. More details on the surface modification procedure can be found in the Supporting Information.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omniphobic Membrane for Robust Membrane Distillation

Lin

Nejati

Boo

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

309

184

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In this work, we fabricate an omniphobic microporous membrane for membrane distillation (MD) by modifying a hydrophilic glass fiber membrane with silica nanoparticles followed by surface fluorination and polymer coating. The modified glass fiber membrane exhibits an antiwetting property not only against water but also against low surface tension organic solvents that easily wet a hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane that is commonly used in MD applications. By comparing the performance of the PTFE and omniphobic membranes in direct contact MD experiments in the presence of a surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS), we show that SDS wets the hydrophobic PTFE membrane but not the omniphobic membrane. Our results suggest that omniphobic membranes are critical for MD applications with feed waters containing surface active species, such as oil and gas produced water, to prevent membrane pore wetting. ■ INTRODUCTIONMembrane distillation (MD) is a thermal separation process using a microporous hydrophobic membrane. 1−3 MD can operate at relatively low temperatures and is thus able to tap into the vast amount of low-grade waste heat. 4−6 MD is also advantageous over pressure-driven membrane processes, such as reverse osmosis (RO) or nanofiltration, as its low operating pressure reduces the capital cost due to the absence of expensive components, such as high pressure pumps and vessels, as well as pressure exchangers. Recently, MD has been proposed as a low-temperature thermal separation component for hybrid membrane processes coupled with forward osmosis for simultaneous wastewater reuse and mineral recovery 7,8 and with pressure retarded osmosis for harvesting low-grade waste heat. 9 Although MD, as any thermal separation process, is inherently less energy efficient than RO, 10,11 there exist scenarios in which MD may be preferred. For example, if an abundant amount of waste heat or solar thermal energy is readily available, MD can be employed to utilize such low-grade heat to considerably reduce the energy cost and carbon footprint for desalination compared to RO powered by conventional energy sources. 12−14 MD can also be used to desalinate high salinity brines, such as shale gas wastewater, as the osmotic pressure of such brines is far beyond the allowable pressure in RO operations. 15 In addition, MD can be employed for small-scale desalination in remote regions for which RO is not an option due to its dependence on grid power and costly high-pressure components that are not readily adaptable for small-scale systems.In MD desalination, a hydrophobic membrane is employed to create a vapor gap that separates a salty feed solution and the desalted permeate solution. 16 It is critically important that the membrane pores are not wetted by the feed solution as liquid flooding of the pores destroys the vapor gap and undermines the function of the membrane as a selective barrier for salt passage. 1,17,18 Preventing pore wetting is particularly challenging in desalinating shale gas wastewater or ot...

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Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omniphobic Membrane for Robust Membrane Distillation

Lin

Nejati

Boo

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

309

184

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“…21,22 Although significant progress has been achieved for membrane-based oil/water separation in the last few years, development of separation membranes for organic liquids is still highly limited because organic liquids usually possess a relatively lower surface tension than water. The difficulty in separation of organic liquid mixtures has increased because it is more difficult to build a superoleophobic [23][24][25][26][27][28][29] material than a superhydrophobic material. We recently proposed an oleophobicity-tunable TiO 2 nanofibrous membrane prepared by electrospinning, calcination and a subsequent chemical modification method that achieved immiscible organic liquids separation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of organic liquid mixture by flexible nanofibrous membranes with precisely tunable wettability

Hou

Wang

et al. 2016

NPG Asia Mater

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Separation of liquid mixtures, especially organic liquid mixtures, is widely used in industrial processes but still faces challenges with respect to separation in a high-efficiency, low-energy mode. In this work, we report a flexible wettability-tunable nanofibrous membrane composed of a high-performance fluoro-polymer as the matrix and fluorosilane as a surface energy regulator that can be successfully applied in immiscible organic liquid mixture separation. The separation is achieved by tuning the surface energy of a membrane to a value between the surface tensions of two organic liquids. Moreover, for use in different mixed liquid systems, we programmatically designed nanofibrous membranes with the proper surface energy that could intercept the relatively high surface tension liquid and allow the low surface tension liquid to pass through. These membranes are expected to become a competitive candidate for complex organic chemical product separation, resource recycling, and environmental protection. INTRODUCTIONLiquid mixtures of solvents or reactants are ubiquitously applied in processes in the petrochemical, textile printing, food and medical industries. These complex liquid mixtures often must be separated after reaction for the purpose of product purification, resource recycling or harmless discharge. 1 Traditional liquid separation methods such as distillation and separation have exposed many drawbacks, including high-energy consumption, low flux and low efficiency, that dramatically increase the separation time and cost. 2 Therefore, challenges remain for the development of separation processes of organic liquid mixtures that are efficient, allow high throughput and conserve energy. Among various separation approaches, the membrane separation technique has been extensively proven as a high throughput and energy-efficient choice. [3][4][5] Over the past decade, various membranes with special wettability properties have been successfully prepared and have exhibited excellent performance in oil/water separation. The mechanisms of membrane separation are based on exact opposite wettabilities toward oil and water, including superhydrophobic/superoleophilic membranes 3,5-8 or superhydrophilic/superoleophobic membranes. 9-15 For example, superhydrophobic/oleophilic membranes have been prepared from various materials, including metals, polymers or even clothes and filter papers, that could intercept water and allow oil to pass through. [16][17][18][19][20] In addition, researchers have gained inspiration from oil-contaminantfree fish skin to fabricate oil-repellent hydrogel membranes that could separate oil from water. 21,22 Although significant progress has been achieved for membrane-based oil/water separation in the last few years, development of separation membranes for organic liquids is still highly limited because organic liquids usually possess a relatively lower surface tension than water. The difficulty in separation of organic liquid mixtures has increased because it is more difficult to build a super...

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“…Superhydrophilic-superoleophobic materials are water removing material from the oil-water mixture with the reverse selectivity to the oil absorbing materials. Various metallic mesh material, fabric material, carbon based material, powder material, sponge or foam material are reported till date which can be used as oil water separation [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], but one major drawback of these fabric and mesh materials is that, they cannot be used directly in the sea, oily water has to be collected and then it has to be filtered. These are difficult to scale-up in large scale [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancement of Oil/Water Separating Materials: Merits and Demerits in Real-Time Applications

Chowdhury¹

2017

MOJPS

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With the increase of offshore drilling of oil, production and transportation the chances of oil spillage has enormously increased. Oil spillages have a catastrophic impact on our aquatic environment and ecosystem. In the last few years development of special wettable materials for oil-water separation has received tremendous research and industrial interest. Materials with selective wettability, that is superhydrophobic and superoleophilic, or superhydrophilic and superoleophobic, can be used to remove only one phase from the oil/water mixture. Moreover, the effect of the surface chemistry and surface architecture can further promote the superwetting behaviour and improves separation efficiency. In this review, recently developed materials for oil/water separation are summarized and discussed. These materials have been categorized based on their oil/water separating mechanisms that is filtration or absorption. Representative studies are highlighted, with emphasis on the materials wetting properties that is superhydrophobic/superoleophilic or superoleophobic/ superhydrophilic nature, innovative aspects and their applications. The materials with selective wettability can be used for the treatment of oil spills and industrial oily wastewater treatment on an industrial scale. The challenges and future research directions in this emerging and promising research field are briefly described.

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Robust, Self‐Healing Superamphiphobic Fabrics Prepared by Two‐Step Coating of Fluoro‐Containing Polymer, Fluoroalkyl Silane, and Modified Silica Nanoparticles

Cited by 446 publications

References 24 publications

Omniphobic Membrane for Robust Membrane Distillation

Omniphobic Membrane for Robust Membrane Distillation

Separation of organic liquid mixture by flexible nanofibrous membranes with precisely tunable wettability

Advancement of Oil/Water Separating Materials: Merits and Demerits in Real-Time Applications

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