ROC curves and confidence judgments in recognition memory.

Zandt, Trisha Van

doi:10.1037/0278-7393.26.3.582

Cited by 217 publications

(345 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…Several recent models of joint RT and confidence judgments in recognition memory have assumed that each possible rating response is assigned a separate accumulator, but where the competition between them is attenuated (Ratcliff & Starns, 2009 or eliminated entirely (Van Zandt, 2000). Such models have been successful at predicting a wide range of results, and it would be possible to extend our model with their decision mechanisms.…”

Section: Modeling Confidence Judgmentsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Instead, a decision maker accumulates evidence in favor of each response and makes a decision as soon as one of the response accumulators reaches a criterial value. Although accumulator models have a long history in psychology (LaBerge, 1962;Vickers, 1970;Pike, 1973;Townsend & Ashby, 1983;Smith & Vickers, 1988;Smith & Van Zandt, 2000)-including in the study of recognition memory (Van Zandt, 2000)-they typically assume that the evidence accumulated within a trial is noisy. A ballistic accumulator model assumes no noise within a trialhence the term "ballistic".…”

Section: Theories Of Response Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Dynamic Approach to Recognition Memory

Cox¹,

Shiffrin²

2017

Preprint

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ii Acknowledgements First, I extend my thanks to my committee members for their time, consideration, and guidance. I would especially like to thank my advisors, Rich Shiffrin and Mike Jones, for first convincing me to come to Indiana, making me feel welcome, and guiding me into the world I now inhabit. I must also thank Isaiah Harbison, Michael Dougherty, and Sharona Atkins for introducing me to the very idea of mathematical psychology and for teaching me and trusting me. show how the dynamic model can be extended to account for paradigms like associative recognition and list discrimination, leading to another novel test of the presence of recall-like processes. Associative recognition, list discrimination, recognition of similar foils, and source exclusion are all better explained by the formation of a compound cue rather than recall, although source memory is found to be better modeled by a recall process.

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Section: Modeling Confidence Judgmentsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Theories Of Response Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dynamic Approach to Recognition Memory

Cox¹,

Shiffrin²

2017

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Many special race models are possible within these constraints, with different assumptions about the stochastic accumulators for each runner. We tried a Poisson counter model (Van Zandt, 2000b) and the linear ballistic accumulator model (Brown & Heathcote, 2008), but we focused on a diffusion to a single threshold. We hope to explore other alternatives.…”

Section: Other Special Race Models?mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the ability to inhibit thought and action: General and special theories of an act of control.

Logan¹,

Zandt²,

Verbruggen³

et al. 2014

Psychological Review

Self Cite

584

389

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Response inhibition is an important act of control in many domains of psychology and neuroscience. It is often studied in a stop-signal task that requires subjects to inhibit an ongoing action in response to a stop signal. Performance in the stop-signal task is understood as a race between a go process that underlies the action and a stop process that inhibits the action. Responses are inhibited if the stop process finishes before the go process. The finishing time of the stop process is not directly observable; a mathematical model is required to estimate its duration. developed an independent race model that is widely used for this purpose. We present a general race model that extends the independent race model to account for the role of choice in go and stop processes, and a special race model that assumes each runner is a stochastic accumulator governed by a diffusion process. We apply the models to 2 data sets to test assumptions about selective influence of capacity limitations on drift rates and strategies on thresholds, which are largely confirmed. The model provides estimates of distributions of stop-signal response times, which previous models could not estimate. We discuss implications of viewing cognitive control as the result of a repertoire of acts of control tailored to different tasks and situations.

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“…As a result, random walk/diffusion theory was introduced as an explanation of both choices and decision times (Laming, 1968;Link & Heath, 1975;Ratcliff, 1978;Stone, 1960). A great limitation of random walk/ diffusion theory, however, is its inability to account for confidence ratings (Van Zandt, 2000b;Van Zandt & Maldonado-Molina, 2004;Vickers, 1979). So this leaves us with a challenge-is it possible to extend the random walk/diffusion class of models to account for confidence?…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This assumption is true for signal detection models of confidence (e.g., Budescu, Wallsten, & Au, 1997;Macmillan & Creelman, 2005;Suantak, Bolger, & Ferrell, 1996) as well as a majority of sequential sampling models of confidence (e.g., Heath, 1984;Link, 2003;Merkle & Van Zandt, 2006;Moreno-Bote, in press;Van Zandt, 2000b;Vickers, 1979Vickers, , 2001. We take a different course.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-stage dynamic signal detection: A theory of choice, decision time, and confidence.

Pleskac¹,

Busemeyer²

2010

Psychological Review

679

947

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The 3 most often-used performance measures in the cognitive and decision sciences are choice, response or decision time, and confidence. We develop a random walk/diffusion theory-2-stage dynamic signal detection (2DSD) theory-that accounts for all 3 measures using a common underlying process. The model uses a drift diffusion process to account for choice and decision time. To estimate confidence, we assume that evidence continues to accumulate after the choice. Judges then interrupt the process to categorize the accumulated evidence into a confidence rating. The model explains all known interrelationships between the 3 indices of performance. Furthermore, the model also accounts for the distributions of each variable in both a perceptual and general knowledge task. The dynamic nature of the model also reveals the moderating effects of time pressure on the accuracy of choice and confidence. Finally, the model specifies the optimal solution for giving the fastest choice and confidence rating for a given level of choice and confidence accuracy. Judges are found to act in a manner consistent with the optimal solution when making confidence judgments.

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ROC curves and confidence judgments in recognition memory.

Cited by 217 publications

References 50 publications

A Dynamic Approach to Recognition Memory

A Dynamic Approach to Recognition Memory

On the ability to inhibit thought and action: General and special theories of an act of control.

Two-stage dynamic signal detection: A theory of choice, decision time, and confidence.

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