Rock and a Hard Place: Public Willingness to Trade Civil Rights and Liberties for Greater Security

Jenkins‐Smith, Hank C.; Herron, Kerry G.

doi:10.1111/j.1747-1346.2009.00215.x

Cited by 50 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…To see how some have applied CT to public health issues, see Kahan et al (2010) and Jenkins- Smith, Silva, and Song (2011). Lastly, for an example of the application of CT to national security issues, see Jenkins- Smith andHerron (2009) andHerron (2011). individualism, egalitarianism, political ideology, and political knowledge. We then expand upon their work by looking at the way in which political sophistication interacts with the full set of four cultural worldviews that are specified by CT.…”

Section: Cultural Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reconsidering the Relationship Between Cultural Theory, Political Ideology, and Political Knowledge

Ripberger

Song

Nowlin

et al. 2012

Social Science Quarterly

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Objective Social scientists from a variety of disciplines have employed concepts drawn from cultural theory (CT) to explain preferences across an array of issues. Recent research has challenged key elements of CT in a number of ways, perhaps most importantly by arguing that cultural types are simply another formulation of political ideology, and that only politically knowledgeable respondents reliably utilize either cultural or ideological categories in formulating preferences. This study reconsiders and expands upon this contention. Methods Principal component analyses of responses to a U.S. national survey of 4,387 people. Results Our findings are threefold: (1) people with low levels of political knowledge are able to sort egalitarianism and individualism into coherent worldviews; (2) people with high levels of knowledge do not collapse egalitarianism and individualism onto a single scale of political ideology; and (3) regardless of levels of knowledge, survey respondents are able to recognize all four of the value orientations proposed by CT. Conclusion CT, which is related to but different than political ideology, offers a robust system of worldviews that both high‐ and low‐knowledge individuals might draw upon to formulate opinions and make decisions.

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Section: Cultural Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To see how some have applied CT to public health issues, see Kahan et al () and Jenkins‐Smith, Silva, and Song (2011). Lastly, for an example of the application of CT to national security issues, see Jenkins‐Smith and Herron () and Ripberger, Jenkins‐Smith, and Herron ().…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconsidering the Relationship Between Cultural Theory, Political Ideology, and Political Knowledge

Ripberger

Song

Nowlin

et al. 2012

Social Science Quarterly

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“…CCT says that cultural values are cognitively prior to facts in public risk conflicts: as a result of a complex of interrelated psychological mechanisms, groups of individuals will credit and dismiss evidence of risk in patterns that re-flect and reinforce their distinctive understandings of how society should be organized (Kahan, Braman, Cohen, Gastil & Slovic 2010;Jenkins-Smith & Herron 2009;DiMaggio 1997). Thus, persons with individualistic values can be expected to be relatively dismissive of environmental and technological risks, which if widely accepted would justify restricting commerce and industry, activities that people with such values hold in high regard.…”

Section: Three Models Of Risk Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As individuals, citizens are thus likely to do better in their daily lives when they adopt toward putative hazards the stances that express their commitment to values that they share with others, irrespective of the fit between those beliefs and the actuarial magnitudes and probabilities of those risks. Empirical evidence suggests that ordinary citizens are reliably guided toward such stances by unconscious processing of cues, such as the emotional resonances of arguments and the apparent values of risk communicators (Kahan, JenkinsSmith & Braman 2011;Jenkins-Smith & Herron 2009;Jenkins-Smith 2001). But, contrary to the picture painted by the irrational-weigher model, ordinary citizens who are equipped and disposed to appraise scientific evidence of risk in a reflective, analytic manner do not necessarily converge in their beliefs; in-stead they will often become even more culturally polarized because of the special capacity they have to search out and interpret evidence in patterns that sustain the convergence between their risk perceptions and their group identities (Mercier & Sperber 2011;Kahan, Peters, Wittlin, Slovic, Ouellette, Braman & Mandel 2012).…”

Section: Three Models Of Risk Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geoengineering and the Science Communication Environment: A Cross-Cultural Experiment

et al. 2012

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We conducted a two-nation study (United States, n = 1500; England, n = 1500) to test a novel theory of science communication. The cultural cognition thesis posits that individuals make extensive reliance on cultural meanings in forming perceptions of risk. The logic of the cultural cognition thesis suggests the potential value of a distinctive two-channel science communication strategy that combines information content ("Channel 1") with cultural meanings ("Channel 2") selected to promote openminded assessment of information across diverse communities. In the study, scientific information content on climate change was held constant while the cultural meaning of that information was experimentally manipulated. Consistent with the study hypotheses, we found that making citizens aware of the potential contribution of geoengineering as a supplement to restriction of CO2 emissions helps to offset cultural polarization over the validity of climate-change science. We also tested the hypothesis, derived from competing models of science communication, that exposure to information on geoengineering would provoke discounting of climate-change risks generally. Contrary to this hypothesis, we found that subjects exposed to information about geoengineering were slightly more concerned about climate change risks than those assigned to a control condition.

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“…The cultural worldview orientations have been shown to influence preference formation in ways consistent with the theory across a wide array of policy issues. These issues include immigration (Jackson, ), gun control (Kahan and Braman, ), national security (Jenkins‐Smith and Herron, ; Ripberger, Jenkins‐Smith, and Herron, ), nuclear waste (Jenkins‐Smith, ), and vaccinations (Song, ; Song, Silva, and Jenkins‐Smith, ). Despite the application of cultural theory in multiple studies across several policy areas, little research has examined the direct influence of cultural worldviews and the mediated influence of cultural worldviews acting through party attachment…”

Section: Cultural Theory and Partisanshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cultural Theory of Partisanship and Policy Attitudes

Nowlin

Rabovsky

2019

Social Science Quarterly

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Objective Political parties provide an important function for a public that is generally seen as not consistently ideological by guiding its thinking about policy issues. In this article, we examine whether the four cultural worldviews derived from grid‐group cultural theory—hierarch, egalitarian, individualist, and fatalist—are predictive of partisan attachments and perceptions of climate change risk among the public. Methods Data come from an original survey of the U.S. public conducted in 2011 and 2012. We use regression analysis to examine partisanship and perceived climate change risk; ordered logit to examine party attachment; and mediation analysis to examine the mediating effect of partisanship on cultural worldviews and climate change risk. Results We find that the group‐oriented cultural types (egalitarians and hierarchs) are more likely to have stronger party attachments than the nongroup‐oriented cultural types (individualists and fatalists). In addition, we find that the mediation effect of party is more pronounced among the group‐oriented types than the nongroup oriented. Conclusion Grid‐group cultural theory is predictive of both partisanship and policy attitudes and partisanship mediates the influence of cultural worldviews on climate change risk, particularly for those types with group orientations.

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Rock and a Hard Place: Public Willingness to Trade Civil Rights and Liberties for Greater Security

Cited by 50 publications

References 37 publications

Reconsidering the Relationship Between Cultural Theory, Political Ideology, and Political Knowledge

Reconsidering the Relationship Between Cultural Theory, Political Ideology, and Political Knowledge

Geoengineering and the Science Communication Environment: A Cross-Cultural Experiment

A Cultural Theory of Partisanship and Policy Attitudes

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