Rockfall Dynamics: A Critical Review of Collision and Rebound Models

Bourrier, Franck; Hungr, Oldrich

doi:10.1002/9781118601532.ch6

Cited by 29 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Taking the impact and rebound of rock as an example, the time functions of interaction forces during this process are extremely complex and will probably never be determined precisely. Any model describing rock-slope interactions relies on some degree of simplification (Bourrier and Hungr 2011). Errors in modeling can derive from either the model or the model inputs.…”

Section: Uncertainties In Numerical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probabilistic modeling of rockfall trajectories: a review

Lan

2015

Bull Eng Geol Environ

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Probabilistic approaches are widely adopted for the modeling of rockfall trajectories, but are not widely discussed in the literature. This paper aims to help fill this gap by reviewing probabilistic models of rockfall trajectories, while providing some perspectives for future study. We first make it clear that, from a theoretical point of view, the probabilistic approach is necessitated by both the ontic (inherent) uncertainty associated with rockfalls and the epistemic (information) uncertainty associated with numerical modeling. The review suggests that there may be the potential to improve the probabilistic modeling of rockfall trajectories in various aspects, including the systematic probabilistic modeling criterion, the random sampling approaches employed for probabilistic variables, the probabilistic modeling of rock shape, and the probabilistic prediction of rockfall intensity. However, there are still some open questions regarding the promotion of probabilistic modeling in practice. It is not clear whether probabilistically treating all of the variables of rockfall trajectory model with reasoned distributions will lead to significantly improved results, or whether the improvements will be great enough (given the difficulties and costs involved) that it is worth quantifying all of the uncertainties involved in rockfall trajectory modeling. The answers to these questions can be found in the practice of probabilistic modeling itself.

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Section: Uncertainties In Numerical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rebound behavior is constrained by the substrate properties, rock properties, and incident configurations (e.g., Labiouse and Heidenreich 2009;Bourrier and Hungr 2011). In numerical modeling, errors in the classification of substrate and rock properties are inevitable.…”

Section: Uncertainties In Numerical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probabilistic modeling of rockfall trajectories: a review

Lan

2015

Bull Eng Geol Environ

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“…(di Prisco and Vecchiotti, 2006). A review of the different existing rebound models can be found in Bourrier and Hungr (2011). Some models also consider impacts with trees (Dorren et al 2005;Dupire et al 2016) or mitigation structures such as fences and ditches using specific impact models (Lambert et al 2013).…”

Section: -Block Shapementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these models also include explicitly the rolling motion of blocks Lan et al, 2007), but the study of the interaction of the blocks with the topographic surface during the successive contacts (impacts) is the main scientific challenge in rockfall modelling (Bourrier and Hungr, 2011). Propagation models can be classified by how they simplify reality and the hypotheses they consider with respect to the following aspects:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RockGIS: a GIS-based model for the analysis of fragmentation in rockfalls

et al. 2017

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ABSTRACT:A Rockfall is a mass instability event frequently observed in road cuts, open pit mines and quarries, steep slopes and cliffs. After its detachment, the rock mass may disaggregate and break due to the impact with the ground surface, thus producing new rock fragments. The consideration of the fragmentation of the rockfall mass is critical for the calculation of the trajectories of the blocks and the impact energies, for the assessment of the potential damage and the design of protective structures. In this paper, we present RockGIS, a GIS-Based tool that simulates stochastically the fragmentation of the rockfall, based on a lumped mass approach. In RockGIS, the fragmentation is triggered by the disaggregation of the detached rock mass through the pre-existing discontinuities just before the impact with the ground. An energy threshold is defined in order to determine whether the impacting blocks break or not. The distribution of the initial mass between a set of newly generated rock fragments is carried out stochastically following a power law. The trajectories of the new rock fragments are distributed within a cone. The fragmentation model has been calibrated and tested with a 10,000m 3 rockfall that took place in 2011 near Vilanova de Banat, Eastern Pyrenees, Spain.

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“…According to the barrier physical behavior to stop the rock, can be established three different typologies (Bourrier & Hungr, 2013): the first one consists of static barriers, which are composed by rigid elements that employ their high inertia to stop the stones. The most common solutions are walls (of concret or gabions), formed by metal profiles and earth ridges; the second type corresponds to dymac barriers of static deformation, having a reduced capacity of energy absorption (below 150-200 kJ), which are mainly used as energy dissipators elements in docks with shock absorbers, which are not useless after impact; finally, can be found dynamic barriers of plastic deformation characterized by current absorption capacity of 8.000 kJ, using special elements that deform and tear for dissipating this high energy, so that they must be replaced after an impact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Barriers for Protection against Rocks Falls

Robles

Peña

Pinto

2016

Revista de la Construcción

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In this paper the most important aspects for designing dynamic barriers for protection against rockfalls are presented. Technological advances in fabrication of metallic materials are increasingly enabling the use of barriers with greater ability to absorb energy. However, in order to establish what type of barrier is needed to solve a given problem (location, height and energy), it is necessary to know the basic principles of the way these elements function, as well as the design methodology to be applied. In the following paragraphs of the paper the basic concepts that should be taken into account by the engineer responsible for the design of a barrier are described, and, by applying a commercial software, a real example of the design of a rockfall protection system on a hillside is finally illustrated.Keywords: Rockfall; rockfall protection; dynamic barrier; energy absorbtion, protection barrier design. ResumenEn el presente artículo se pretenden mostrar los aspectos más destacados en el diseño de las barreras dinámicas de protección frente a caídas de rocas. La tecnología y avances en la industrialización de los materiales metálicos están permitiendo disponer cada vez de barreras con una mayor capacidad de absorción de energía. Sin embargo para poder establecer qué tipo de barrera es necesaria para resolver un problema determinado (posición, altura y energía) es necesario conocer la forma elemental de funcionamiento de estos elementos, así como la metodología de diseño de las mismas. En los siguientes apartados del artículo se describen los conceptos básicos que debe tener el ingeniero responsable del diseño de una barrera, ilustrándose finalmente con un ejemplo de diseño real de un sistema de protección de caída de rocas en una ladera, mediante la aplicación de un software comercial.Palabras claves: Caída de rocas, protección contra la caída de rocas, barreras dinámicas, absorción de energía, diseño de barreras de protección.

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Rockfall Dynamics: A Critical Review of Collision and Rebound Models

Cited by 29 publications

References 28 publications

Probabilistic modeling of rockfall trajectories: a review

Probabilistic modeling of rockfall trajectories: a review

RockGIS: a GIS-based model for the analysis of fragmentation in rockfalls

Dynamic Barriers for Protection against Rocks Falls

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