One of the most engaging challenges for mobile operators today is how to manage the exponential data traffic increase. Mobile data offloading stands out as a promising and low cost solution to reduce the burden on the cellular network. To make this possible, we need a new hybrid network paradigm that leverages the existence of multiple alternative communication channels. This entails significant modifications in the way data is handled, affecting also the behavior of network protocols. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of data offloading techniques in cellular networks and extract the main requirements needed to integrate data offloading capabilities into today's mobile networks. We classify existing strategies into two main categories, according to their requirements in terms of content delivery guarantees: delayed and non-delayed offloading. We overview the technical aspects and discuss the state of the art in each category. Finally, we describe in detail the novel functionalities needed to implement mobile data offloading in the access network, as well as current and future research challenges in the field, with an eye toward the design of hybrid architectures.
One of the most engaging challenges for mobile operators today is how to manage the exponential data traffic increase. Mobile data offloading stands out as a promising and low cost solution to reduce the burden on the cellular network. To make this possible, we need a new hybrid network paradigm that leverages the existence of multiple alternative communication channels. This entails significant modifications in the way data is handled, affecting also the behavior of network protocols. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of data offloading techniques in cellular networks and extract the main requirements needed to integrate data offloading capabilities into today's mobile networks. We classify existing strategies into two main categories, according to their requirements in terms of content delivery guarantees: delayed and non-delayed offloading. We overview the technical aspects and discuss the state of the art in each category. Finally, we describe in detail the novel functionalities needed to implement mobile data offloading in the access network, as well as current and future research challenges in the field, with an eye toward the design of hybrid architectures.
“…Following, the mobile devices multicast the received data to each other. The combination of device-to-device communication with delay-tolerant traffic was proposed in RoCNet [18], where a user terminal under the coverage of a high traffic loaded BS, forwards its traffic through a WLAN or a Bluetooth connection to another user terminal, which will be physically moved under the coverage of another cellular BS with low traffic load to offload its peers uplink data. In [19], the authors have proposed Wiffler, which is an application that is used to predict WiFi connectivity aiming to leverage the exploitation of offloading opportunities.…”
Mobile data offloading has been proposed as a solution for the network congestion problem that is continuously aggravating due to the increase in mobile data demand. However, the majority of the state-of-the-art is focused on the downlink offloading, while the change of mobile user habits, like mobile content creation and uploading, makes uplink offloading a rising issue. In this work we focus on the uplink offloading using IP Flow Mobility (IFOM). IFOM allows a LTE mobile User Equipment (UE) to maintain two concurrent data streams, one through LTE and the other through WiFi access technology, that presents uplink limitations due to the inherent fairness design of IEEE 802.11 DCF by employing the CSMA/CA scheme with a binary exponential backoff algorithm. In this paper, we propose a weighted proportionally fair bandwidth allocation algorithm for the data volume that is being offloaded through WiFi, in conjunction with a pricing-based rate allocation for the rest of the data volume needs of the UEs that are transmitted through the LTE uplink. We aim to improve the energy efficiency of the UEs and to increase the offloaded data volume under the concurrent use of access technologies that IFOM allows. In the weighted proportionally fair WiFi bandwidth allocation, we consider both the different upload data needs of the UEs, along with their LTE spectrum efficiency and propose an access mechanism that improves the use of WiFi access in uplink offloading. In the LTE part, we propose a two-stage pricing-based rate allocation under both linear and exponential pricing approaches, aiming to satisfy all offloading UEs regarding their LTE uplink access. We theoretically analyse the proposed algorithms and evaluate their performance through simulations. We compare their performance with the 802.11 DCF access scheme and with a state-of-the-art access algorithm under different number of offloading UEs and for both linear and exponential pricing-based rate allocation for the LTE uplink. Through the evaluation of energy efficiency, offloading capabilities and throughput performance, we provide an improved uplink access scheme for UEs that operate with IFOM for uplink offloading.Peer ReviewedPreprin
“…The architecture is also applicable to offload uplink traffic in a traffic constraint area to non-congested areas. For example, in [13], the authors focused on the spatial difference of the traffic among areas and balance the upload traffic of cellular networks. Even through different terminology are used in MANETSatellite and MANET-Cellular system, we can see the similarity of the two integrated systems.…”
Section: System Architecture Of Integrated Manetmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Based on the mobile social network contact graph, they exploit a probabilistic dissemination model considering the realistic information dissemination duration. The authors in [13] investigate the data offloading for uplink traffic. In the area where traffic load is high, delay-tolerant data generated from a mobile device will be directly forwarded to a nearby device which is moving towards to a low traffic area.…”
Section: A Intermediary Selection and Routing Protocolmentioning
Abstract-A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a selfconfiguring infrastructure-less network. Taking advantage of spontaneous and infrastructure-less behavior, MANET can be integrated with satellite network to provide world-wide communication for emergency and disaster relieve services and can also be integrated with cellular network for mobile data offloading. To achieve different purposes, different architecture of integrated system, protocols and mechanisms are designed. For emergency services, ubiquitous and robust communications are of paramount importance. For mobile data offloading services, emphasis is amount of offloaded data, limited storage and energy of mobile devices. It is important to study the common features and distinguish of the architecture and service considerations for further research in the two integrated systems. In this paper, we study common issues and distinguish between two systems in terms of routing protocol, QoS provision, energy efficiency, privacy protection and resource management. The future research can benefit from taking advantage of the similarity of two systems and address the relevant issues.
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