Rodent model of infant attachment learning and stress

Moriceau, Stéphanie; Roth, Tania L.; Sullivan, Regina M.

doi:10.1002/dev.20482

Cited by 113 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 121 publications

(160 reference statements)

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“…These include associative odor preference learning following classical conditioning, which occurs in rats less than ϳP10 -12 (Moriceau et al 2010;Wilson and Sullivan 1994). Certainly, there are similarities across systems, as our circuit-level changes (in rats ϽP14) roughly matched in time frame.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Age-dependent adrenergic actions in the main olfactory bulb that could underlie an olfactory-sensitive period

Pandipati

Schoppa

2012

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Many sensory systems are endowed with mechanisms of neural plasticity that are restricted to a sensitive period in the young developing animal. In this study, we performed experiments in slices of the main olfactory bulb (OB) from rats to examine possible age-dependent cellular mechanisms of plasticity in the olfactory system. We focused on the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE), shown to be important in different forms of olfactory learning, examining whether two specific cellular effects of NE previously observed in rats less than P14 extended to older animals. These included an acute reduction in GABAergic synaptic transmission from granule cells (GCs) onto output mitral cells (MCs) and an enhancement in gamma frequency (30-70 Hz) oscillations that persists long after removal of NE. We found that NE failed to reduce GC-to-MC transmission or enhance gamma oscillations in older rats at P18-23. The loss of NE actions on both phenomena appeared to reflect an age-dependent loss of function of α(2)-adrenergic receptors. In addition, we found that NE induced an age-dependent enhancement of transient excitation in MCs, providing a mechanism to link the acute decrease in GC-to-MC inhibition to the long-term increase in gamma oscillations through increases in intracellular calcium. The age-dependent cellular mechanisms that we describe could underlie an olfactory-sensitive period in newborn rodents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Age-dependent adrenergic actions in the main olfactory bulb that could underlie an olfactory-sensitive period

Pandipati

Schoppa

2012

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…As described earlier, rodent studies have found that maternal absence may accelerate amygdala functional development (Callaghan & Richardson, 2011Moriceau, et al, 2004;Moriceau, Roth, & Sullivan, 2010). It is not possible to interpret, based on the data described in humans above, whether humans also experience amygdala accelerations in functional development (discussed in Gee, et al, in press).…”

Section: Human Amygdala Following Early Caregiver Deprivationmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Importance of Early Experiences for Neuro-Affective Development

Tottenham¹

2013

The Neurobiology of Childhood

130

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“…Specifically, using a procedure that readily causes threat/fear learning in children and myriad other species, which involves pairing a neutral stimulus (i.e., light, tone, smell) with pain (i.e., mild-moderate electric shocks, a piercing load noise or a painful pinch), infants rapidly learned aversion/defense responses to the previously neutral sound or smell. The amygdala is critically important for this learning (Fanselow & Gale, 2003;Fanselow & LeDoux, 1999;Johansen, Cain, Ostroff, & LeDoux, 2011;Maren, 2003;Moriceau, Roth, & Sullivan, 2010). It should be noted that infants' failure to learn about pain is not due to the failure to detect pain since both human and rodent infant have functional pain systems, however they are lacking the neural circuitry to support amygdala-dependent fear learning (Barr, 1995;Fitzgerald, 2005;Graham et al, 2016;Tottenham, 2012).…”

Section: The Attachment Figure Guides Learning About the Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attachment Figure's Regulation of Infant Brain and Behavior

Sullivan

2017

Psychodynamic Psychiatry

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Altricial infants (i.e., requiring parental care for survival), such as humans and rats, form an attachment to their caregiver and receive the nurturing and protections needed for survival. Learning has a strong role in attachment, as is illustrated by strong attachment formed to non-biological caregivers of either sex. Here we summarize and integrate results from animal and human infant attachment research that highlights the important role of social buffering (social presence) of the stress response by the attachment figure and its effect on infant processing of threat and fear through modulation of the amygdala.Indeed, this work suggests the caregiver switches off amygdala function in rodents, although recent human research suggests a similar process in humans and nonhuman primates. This cross-species analysis helps provide insight and unique understanding of attachment and its role in the neurobiology of infant behavior within attachment.Keywords: attachment, mother-infant dyad, locus coeruleus, norepinephrine, amygdala, stress, learning, mother, infant People rely on emotional attachment to others for well-being and continue to form these important bonds throughout life. One of the most important bonds is that which is formed between a child and caregiver that channels the infant brain to develop and modify cognitive and emotional functioning. Here we focus on the infant within the infant-caregiver dyad and consider how animal models provide insight into the influence of the attachment figure on infant neurobehavioral function.While Freud highlighted the importance of the child's first social relationship (Freud, 1975(Freud, , 1976, it was not until the 1950s that our current 476 SULLIVAN view of attachment was established by the psychiatrist John Bowlby using attachment theory (Bowlby, 1958(Bowlby, , 1965(Bowlby, , 1969(Bowlby, , 1982. Bowlby's paradigm-shifting theoretical approach was a synthesis of Bowlby's Freudian psychoanalyst training, clinical observations of disturbed children, and emerging animal research on a young chick "imprinting" or bonding to parents. Overall, this perspective described a biological system for an infant's attachment to the caregiver and its importance for mental health, which was phylogenetically preserved and present across altricial species (i.e., those who require parental care for survival). Bowlby's clinical observations involved a group of maladjusted children, noting that their common early life history of being deprived of their mothers or other primary caregivers. This viewpoint was also evident in the work of Rene Spitz and James Robertson, which also showed the detrimental effects of separating the child from the primary caregiver during hospitalization or orphanage placement and the resultant extreme emotional distress. Bowlby's integration of the current animal research was also critically important to his formation of attachment theory. Indeed, Bowlby interacted with animal researchers who were attempting to better understand the infant-caregiver rel...

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Rodent model of infant attachment learning and stress

Cited by 113 publications

References 121 publications

Age-dependent adrenergic actions in the main olfactory bulb that could underlie an olfactory-sensitive period

Age-dependent adrenergic actions in the main olfactory bulb that could underlie an olfactory-sensitive period

The Importance of Early Experiences for Neuro-Affective Development

Attachment Figure's Regulation of Infant Brain and Behavior

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