Role, Laboratory Assessment and Clinical Relevance of Fibrin, Factor XIII and Endogenous Fibrinolysis in Arterial and Venous Thrombosis

Memtsas, Vassilios; Arachchillage, Deepa R. J.; Gorog, Diana A.

doi:10.3390/ijms22031472

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…Furthermore, FXIII is an important determinant of fibrin clot structure and susceptibility to lysis. It promotes fibrin clot compaction and elasticity, facilitates binding of antifibrinolytic proteins within the clot and may promote erythrocyte retention in the clot which also renders the clot less permeable [5]. Finally, the clot is stabilized after incorporation of alfa2-plasmin inhibitor [6].…”

Section: Clot Formation and Fibrinolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibrin clot properties in coronary artery disease: new determinants and prognostic markers

Larsen¹,

Hvas²

2021

Polish Archives of Internal Medicine

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Despite improved diagnosis and treatment options, coronary artery disease (CAD) is still a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Established risk factors as smoking, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension only partly explain the pathophysiology of CAD.Besides the well-known role of platelets in atherosclerosis and arterial thrombus formation, reduced endogenous fibrinolytic activity may play a key role for CAD formation and progression. Thus, biomarkers of fibrinolysis may be future CAD risk markers. In this review we provide an overview of regulators of fibrinolysis and the main factors of importance to fibrin clot formation including coagulation factor XIII, thrombin and fibrinogen. We summarize markers of altered fibrinolysis and current laboratory methods applied in clinical practice and research. We present today's evidence on fibrin clot properties in patients with stable CAD or acute coronary syndrome compared to healthy individuals and the significance of altered fibrinolysis as a risk for coronary thrombotic disease. In conclusion, we find evidence that altered fibrin clot properties and impaired fibrinolysis appears to contribute significantly to the thromboembolic risk in CAD patients. Therefore, more research is crucial in order to clarify whether modulation of the fibrinolytic system may pave the way for improved treatment of CAD.

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Section: Clot Formation and Fibrinolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibrin clot properties in coronary artery disease: new determinants and prognostic markers

Larsen¹,

Hvas²

2021

Polish Archives of Internal Medicine

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“…These patients, especially those with critical limb threatening ischemia, present decreases in natural anticoagulants (proteins C and S) and coagulation factors FIX, FXI, and FXII [3]. Thus, dysregulated procoagulant, anticoagulant, and fibrinolytic pathways lead to arterial and venous thrombosis in patients with PAD [4]. The contribution of atherosclerosis, and ultimately of thrombosis, to ischemic risk in PAD has formed the basis for treatment with antithrombotic therapy [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease: A Focused Review on Oral Anticoagulation

Rivera‐Caravaca

Camelo-Castillo

Ramírez-Macías

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality but it is usually underdiagnosed and undertreated. Patients with PAD present dysregulated procoagulant, anticoagulant, and fibrinolytic pathways leading to arterial and venous thrombosis. The risk of several ischemic-related complications could be mitigated with appropriate antithrombotic therapy, which plays a central role in all types of PAD. For years, antiplatelets have been indicated in patients with symptomatic PAD or those who have undergone revascularization. Unfortunately, a non-negligible proportion of patients with PAD will suffer from adverse events during the follow-up, even despite proper medical therapies for the prevention of PAD complications. Thus, there is room for improving clinical outcomes in these patients. Given the implication of both, primary and secondary hemostasis in arterial thrombosis and the pathophysiology of PAD, the combination of antiplatelets and anticoagulants has emerged as a potential antithrombotic alternative to antiplatelets alone. In this narrative review article, we have highlighted the most recent evidence about antithrombotic therapy in PAD patients, with a special focus on oral anticoagulation. Certainly, COMPASS and VOYAGER PAD trials have shown promising results. Thus, rivaroxaban in combination with aspirin seem to reduce cardiovascular outcomes with a similar bleeding risk compared to aspirin alone. Nevertheless, results from real-world studies are needed to confirm these observations, and other trials will provide novel evidence about the safety and efficacy of emerging anticoagulant agents.

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“…Stroke patients have thicker fibers compared to healthy donors. Patients within the acute phase of ischemic stroke demonstrated reduced clot permeability and decreased fibrinolysis, contributing to the thrombosis mechanism (93,137,138). Rooth et al (114) showed that the changes observed during the acute phase of ischemic stroke persist for more than 60 days after the stroke event.…”

Section: Pathology and Clinical Prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rooth et al (114) showed that the changes observed during the acute phase of ischemic stroke persist for more than 60 days after the stroke event. Patients with acute ischemic stroke associated with carotid artery disease (CAD) exhibited slower clot lysis compared to controls without CAD history (93). Fibrin clot density is correlated with neurological deficit upon both admission and discharge of acute ischemic stroke patients (137).…”

Section: Pathology and Clinical Prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanomechanics of Blood Clot and Thrombus Formation

Domingues

Carvalho

Santos

2022

Annu. Rev. Biophys.

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Mechanical properties have been extensively studied in pure elastic or viscous materials; however, most biomaterials possess both physical properties in a viscoelastic component. How the biomechanics of a fibrin clot is related to its composition and the microenvironment where it is formed is not yet fully understood. This review gives an outline of the building mechanisms for blood clot mechanical properties and how they relate to clot function. The formation of a blood clot in health conditions or the formation of a dangerous thrombus go beyond the mere polymerization of fibrinogen into a fibrin network. The complex composition and localization of in vivo fibrin clots demonstrate the interplay between fibrin and/or fibrinogen and blood cells. Studying these protein–cell interactions and clot mechanical properties may represent new methods for the evaluation of cardiovascular diseases (the leading cause of death worldwide), creating new possibilities for clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biophysics, Volume 51 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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Role, Laboratory Assessment and Clinical Relevance of Fibrin, Factor XIII and Endogenous Fibrinolysis in Arterial and Venous Thrombosis

Cited by 14 publications

References 164 publications

Fibrin clot properties in coronary artery disease: new determinants and prognostic markers

Fibrin clot properties in coronary artery disease: new determinants and prognostic markers

Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease: A Focused Review on Oral Anticoagulation

Nanomechanics of Blood Clot and Thrombus Formation

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