Role of acidic and basic electrolytes on the structure and morphology of cathodically reduced indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates

Spada, Edna R.; Paula, F. R. de; Cid, Cristiani Campos Plá; Candiotto, Graziâni; Faria, R.M.; Sartorelli, M. L.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2013.06.077

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The reduction behavior of ITO electrodes depends on different chemical and physical parameters such as the electrode conductivity (related to the ITO coating thickness) [46], the pH [30] and chemical composition of the electrolyte [47], the In:Sn ratio, the coating porosity and roughness [1].…”

Section: Monitoring In Situ the Reduction Behavior Of Ito Electrodes 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, Sn(II) centers can act as local traps of electronic conductivity, decreasing the electron transfer rate with In(III) centers and with electrolyte. This suggests that regions with locally high surface density of Sn(IV) will be more likely to form metallic In NPs at lower potential and simultaneously to consume H + ions, disfavoring the H 2 NBs formation in regions where In(0) NPs are formed [47]. Therefore, it suggests that more conductive ITO contains higher concentration of Sn(IV).…”

Section: Heterogeneity Of Surface Reactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Differentiating electrochemically active regions of indium tin oxide electrodes for hydrogen evolution and reductive decomposition reactions. An in situ optical microscopy approach

Ciocci

Lemineur

Noël

et al. 2021

Electrochimica Acta

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Section: Monitoring In Situ the Reduction Behavior Of Ito Electrodes 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Heterogeneity Of Surface Reactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiating electrochemically active regions of indium tin oxide electrodes for hydrogen evolution and reductive decomposition reactions. An in situ optical microscopy approach

Ciocci

Lemineur

Noël

et al. 2021

Electrochimica Acta

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“…Thus, understanding the ITO interface is an important issue. In this context, the cathodic and anodic corrosion of ITO electrode has been reported1516171819. For example in acidic media, the cathodic polarization of ITO conduces to the formation of metallic particles (In-Sn) onto the surface1516.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional Indium Tin Oxide Electrode Generated by Unusual Surface Modification

Bouden

Dahi

Hauquier

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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The indium tin oxide (ITO) material has been widely used in various scientific fields and has been successfully implemented in several devices. Herein, the electrochemical reduction of ITO electrode in an organic electrolytic solution containing alkali metal, NaI, or redox molecule, N-(ferrocenylmethyl) imidazolium iodide, was investigated. The reduced ITO surfaces were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and grazing incident XRD demonstrating the presence of the electrolyte cation inside the material. Reversibility of this process after re-oxidation was evidenced by XPS. Using a redox molecule based ionic liquid as supporting electrolyte leads to fellow electrochemically the intercalation process. As a result, modified ITO containing ferrocenyl imidazolium was easily generated. This reduction process occurs at mild reducing potential around −1.8 V and causes for higher reducing potential a drastic morphological change accompanied with a decrease of the electrode conductivity at the macroscopic scale. Finally, the self-reducing power of the reduced ITO phase was used to initiate the spontaneous reduction of silver ions leading to the growth of Ag nanoparticles. As a result, transparent and multifunctional active ITO surfaces were generated bearing redox active molecules inside the material and Ag nanoparticles onto the surface.

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“…After the seminal paper 35 that demonstrated the influence of applied potential on the composition of indium oxide was published, the electrochemical reduction of ITO has been studied with different electrolytes at different pHs 16,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] ; most of the studies focused on the electrochemical stability of ITO, rather than the influence of surface modifications. In 2014, Switzer et al, successfully deposited Ge wires by first reducing ITO to form In metal that acted as reduction sites for Ge (IV) 46 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the nucleation-site density for the electrodeposition of cadmium sulfide on indium-tin-oxide

Shen

Zhang

Mubeen

et al. 2019

Electrochimica Acta

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Cadmium sulfide (CdS) is a preferred heterojunction partner for a number of chalcogenide-based solar cells. In view of this, interest has grown in the use of solution-based deposition techniques as an alternative route for the preparation of uniform ultrathin films of CdS. However, the quality of the electrodeposited CdS films on indium-tin oxide (ITO) remains far from optimal. This is because the ITO surface is electrochemically heterogeneous due to the presence of indium oxide; nucleation and further electrodeposition of CdS does not transpire on the oxided sites. Hence, only coarse-grained coatings, instead of homogeneous ultrathin films, are generated at un-pretreated ITO surfaces. In the present study, a mitigation of the amount of interfacial In oxide was attempted in order to increase the nucleation-site (indium-metal site) density. The procedure consisted of two steps: (i) Mild electrochemical reduction of the ITO to convert surface In(III) to In(0), followed by (ii) surface-limited redox replacement (SLRR) of In(0) by Cu via an aqueous solution of Cu 2+. This procedure resulted in the formation of a high density of oxide-free Cu on which CdS nuclei would form; the thickness was such that optical transparency was largely undiminished. A tenfold increase in CdS site density was observed, and that permitted the epitaxial growth of a second semiconductor, CdTe, atop the CdS film. The influences of applied potential and deposition time on nucleation-site sizes and densities were also studied.

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Role of acidic and basic electrolytes on the structure and morphology of cathodically reduced indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

Differentiating electrochemically active regions of indium tin oxide electrodes for hydrogen evolution and reductive decomposition reactions. An in situ optical microscopy approach

Differentiating electrochemically active regions of indium tin oxide electrodes for hydrogen evolution and reductive decomposition reactions. An in situ optical microscopy approach

Multifunctional Indium Tin Oxide Electrode Generated by Unusual Surface Modification

Optimization of the nucleation-site density for the electrodeposition of cadmium sulfide on indium-tin-oxide

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