Role of Alternative Energy Sources: Natural Gas Technology Assessment

Skone, Timothy J; Littlefield, James; Eckard, Robert; Cooney, Greg; Marriott, Joe

doi:10.2172/1515241

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Many studies included an estimate of GHG emissions associated with well preproduction activities. When not considered in a published estimate, the average of two recent studies performing detailed assessment of GHG emissions from this stage was used: 6.25 g CO 2 ‐eq/kWh (Skone et al ; Burnham et al ). This common estimate assumes 51% thermal efficiency, as described in the next section.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Electricity Generated from Conventionally Produced Natural Gas

O’Donoughue¹,

Heath²,

Dolan³

et al. 2014

J of Industrial Ecology

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SummaryThis research provides a systematic review and harmonization of the life cycle assessment (LCA) literature of electricity generated from conventionally produced natural gas. We focus on estimates of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted in the life cycle of electricity generation from natural gas-fired combustion turbine (NGCT) and combined-cycle (NGCC) systems. The smaller set of LCAs of liquefied natural gas power systems and natural gas plants with carbon capture and storage were also collected, but analyzed to a lesser extent. A meta-analytical process we term "harmonization" was employed to align several system boundaries and technical performance parameters to better allow for cross-study comparisons, with the aim of clarifying central tendency and reducing variability in estimates of life cycle GHG emissions.Of over 250 references identified, 42 passed screens for technological relevance and study quality, providing a total of 69 estimates for NGCT and NGCC. Harmonization increased the median estimates in each category as a result of several factors not typically considered in the previous research, including the regular clearing of liquids from a well, and consolidated the interquartile range for NGCC to 420 to 480 grams of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt-hour (g CO 2 -eq/kWh) and for NGCT to 570 to 750 g CO 2 -eq/kWh, with medians of 450 and 670 CO 2 -eq/kWh, respectively. Harmonization of thermal efficiency had the largest effect in reducing variability; methane leakage rate is likely similarly influential, but was unharmonized in this assessment as a result of the significant current uncertainties in its estimation, an area that is justifiably receiving significant research attention. Keywords:combined cycle combustion turbine fossil fuels industrial ecology life cycle assessment (LCA) meta-analysis Supporting information is available on the JIE Web site

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Electricity Generated from Conventionally Produced Natural Gas

O’Donoughue¹,

Heath²,

Dolan³

et al. 2014

J of Industrial Ecology

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“…The composition of the natural gas is based on National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) report [45]. Purchased natural gas is first compressed to 2 MPa, hydrodesulfurized, and then mixed with superheated steam at 335 C with a steam-to-carbon molar ratio of 3.5 [46,47].…”

Section: Hydrogen Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-economic analysis of transportation fuels from defatted microalgae via hydrothermal liquefaction and hydroprocessing

Thilakaratne

Brown

et al. 2015

Biomass and Bioenergy

151

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“…Life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from shale gas are often assessed to be greater than conventional natural gas. However, most studies also indicate that expanded use of shale gas could lower net GHG emissions relative to coal-based electricity (Burnham et al 2011, Fulton et al 2011, Hultman et al 2011, Jiang et al 2011, Lu et al 2012, Skone et al 2012, Weber and Clavin 2012. Additionally, any GHG benefits from shale gas use are not localized to the region where extraction occurs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of regional air-quality damages from Marcellus Shale natural gas extraction in Pennsylvania

Litovitz

Curtright

Abramzon

et al. 2013

Environ. Res. Lett.

141

133

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This letter provides a first-order estimate of conventional air pollutant emissions, and the monetary value of the associated environmental and health damages, from the extraction of unconventional shale gas in Pennsylvania. Region-wide estimated damages ranged from $7.2 to $32 million dollars for 2011. The emissions from Pennsylvania shale gas extraction represented only a few per cent of total statewide emissions, and the resulting statewide damages were less than those estimated for each of the state's largest coal-based power plants.On the other hand, in counties where activities are concentrated, NO x emissions from all shale gas activities were 20-40 times higher than allowable for a single minor source, despite the fact that individual new gas industry facilities generally fall below the major source threshold for NO x . Most emissions are related to ongoing activities, i.e., gas production and compression, which can be expected to persist beyond initial development and which are largely unrelated to the unconventional nature of the resource. Regulatory agencies and the shale gas industry, in developing regulations and best practices, should consider air emissions from these long-term activities, especially if development occurs in more populated areas of the state where per-ton emissions damages are significantly higher.

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Role of Alternative Energy Sources: Natural Gas Technology Assessment

Cited by 20 publications

References 13 publications

Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Electricity Generated from Conventionally Produced Natural Gas

Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Electricity Generated from Conventionally Produced Natural Gas

Techno-economic analysis of transportation fuels from defatted microalgae via hydrothermal liquefaction and hydroprocessing

Estimation of regional air-quality damages from Marcellus Shale natural gas extraction in Pennsylvania

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