Role of Anthocleista vogelii in serum antioxidant defence system in cadmium-induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats

Abstract

Background: Cadmium (Cd) toxicity, which runs across the food chain, is chiefly regulated by in vivo antioxidant defence system or through antioxidant supplementation of biological systems predisposed to this environmental stressor. The present study was designed to examine the role of Anthocleista vogelii leaves in Cd-induced oxidative stress in the serum of Wistar rats through the application of response surface methodology (RSM) and biomonitoring of selective responses: malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and peroxidase (POD) activities, respectively. The cold macerated plant leaves were subjected to fractionation process using methanol-hexane-chloroform (3:2:1 v/v) solvent system such that n-hexane fraction with ample antioxidant levels in terms of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) among others at p < 0.05 was selected for the study. The study employed central composite design (CCD) with twenty experimental "runs" of male Wistar rats for twenty-eight days, following a week of acclimatization, where n-hexane fraction of A. vogelii (NFAV), cadmium chloride (CdCl 2) and body weights of rats were considered input factors in the study. Results: The study generated five quadratic models, which differed significantly at p < 0.05 for MDA levels as well as CAT, SOD, GST and POD activities in the sera of Wistar rats. The study revealed that exposure to Cd toxicity caused a marked increase (p < 0.05) in serum MDA levels, but a significant inhibition (p < 0.05) of serum SOD, CAT, GST and POD activities. However, Cd interaction with NFAV showed marked amelioration of Cd-induced oxidative stress, which was confirmed by significant decrease in serum MDA levels, but significant increase in serum SOD, CAT, GST and POD activities at p < 0.05 via the response surface plots. The study also confirmed the reliability and adequacy of the models for accurate prediction of the responses since R-squared (R 2) values obtained were greater than 90%. Conclusion: It was inferred from the present study that the adequacy of the models validated the potency of A. vogelii leaves graphically in the amelioration of Cd-induced oxidative stress in the serum of Wistar rats. Hence, the plant was considered a rich source of bioactive compounds with significant antioxidant properties.

Assessment of Oxidative Stress Indices in Tissues of Cadmium-challenged Female Wistar Rats Treated with Combined Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Manihot esculenta and Citrus sinensis

“…The significant increase in lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in Cd-challenged rats compared to control and significant decrease in glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in both the liver and kidey, recorded in this study is a clear indication of the Cd-induced oxidative stress. This finding agrees with the confirmed ability of Cd to induce oxidative stress in the rat tissues (Mona et al, 2018, Orororo et al, 2018bApiamu et al, 2019;Jacopo et al, 2020;Innih et al, 2021;Renuka et al, 2021;Poli et al, 2022). Cd, unlike other heavy metals is unable to generate free radicals by itself, however, according to Galan et al (2001), it can generate hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, and nitric oxide radicals indirectly.…”

“…Due to the fact that Cd possesses extremely low tolerable exposure limit and a lengthy natural half-life, it bio-accumulates in humans and animal where it brings about severe damage to the liver, kidneys and other organs, tissues and cells mainly through the induction of oxidative stress (Goyer, 1997;Jacopo et al, 2020). It has been reported that Cd drains glutathione (an endogenous antioxidant molecule), restrain electron transport process in the mitochondrial, dislodge Zinc and other redox-active metals, and incapacitate antioxidant enzymes which results in enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Mona et al, 2018, Orororo et al, 2018Geng et al, 2019;Apiamu et al, 2019;Innih et al, 2021;Poli et al, 2022). Current research in Cd toxicity focuses on finding antioxidants that can treat Cd intoxication in biological systems, with emphasis on the antioxidant potentials of various plant extracts, which contain carotenoids, flavonoids, and other polyphenols that play pivotal roles in antioxidant defense mechanisms against Cd-induced oxidative injury (Orororo et al, 2018a;Genchi et al, 2022).…”

Exposure of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) to Lead and Zinc Modulates Membrane-Bound Transport Protein: A Plausible Effect on Na+/K+-ATPase Activity

“…The quadratic models for the prediction of NKA activity in all tissues showed a lack of fit with comparable critical F and p values, and this suggested significant goodness of fit for the experimental data. Again, the perfect linearity between predicted and experimental (actual) values can be corroborated with earlier reports, stating that the difference of less than 0.2 between predicted and adjusted R 2 values hereby validated the observed linearity in the diagnostics plots for gill, hepatic and renal NKA activity [48,[51][52][53]. This further corroborates the feasibility of the respective models for the prediction of NKA activity under the influence of Pb and Zn toxic actions respectively.…”

“…Also, the 3D response surface plots explained the nature of the interaction between two process variables at a fixed level of the third process variable and their concerted effects on NKA activity in the tissues of exposed C. gariepinus. In studies, the concerted effect of the variables on response was dependent on their nature of the interaction, which was considered significant by rising contour bridges or elliptical mounds, but insignificant interactions between variables were associated with straight contour lines [48,56]. This study hereby corroborates the inhibitory response of NKA activity in tissues of exposed C. gariepinus to Zn and Pb co-exposure in a time-dependent manner.…”

Distinctive Roles of Butylated Hydroxytoluene and Ascorbic Acid in Lead-Instigated Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats

“…32,33 CAT, an antioxidant enzyme known to catalyze the decomposition of H2O2 into metabolic water (H2O) and molecular oxygen under the influence of Zn cofactor. 25,27,34 In this empirical survey, exposure to Pb toxicity and co-treatment with different exogenous antioxidant types (AA and BHT) shows the trending mosaic of CAT activity in various tissues of Wistar rats (Figure 3). In group II rats treated with a single dose of Pb by intraperitoneal injection, significant reductions (p < 0.05) in serum, hepatic and renal CAT activities were observed when compared with group I rats.…”