Role of behavioral sciences in development of professionalism among MBBS students

Butt, Ammara; Ashar, Abid

doi:10.37018/twmg3311

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In Punjab, criminal attitudes are linked with moral disengagement and psychological distress (Butt et al , 2019). Criminal attitude is an important factor to study among the prison population from the perspective of prison management as well as to control recidivism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring criminal thinking among convicts imprisoned in Punjab prisons of Pakistan

Ishfaq,

Kamal

2023

JCP

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Purpose This study aims to differentiate crime-related characteristics (such as the number of cases filed against current convictions and criminal history) based on the criminal thinking prevailing among convicts. However, because of the low reliability of subscales and poor structural validity of indigenous and translated versions of international instruments, a new instrument criminal attitude measure (CAM) was extracted to measure criminal thinking patterns among convicts incarcerated in central prisons of Punjab. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional research design was used. Data was collected from 1,949 male convicts (extracting mutually exclusive data from 649 respondents for EFA and 1,300 respondents for confirmatory factor analysis [CFA]). Both data samples were collected from convicts incarcerated in the nine (all) central jails of Punjab, Pakistan. Findings The results of this study showed poor model fit for both the indigenous criminal thinking scale and the translated version of criminogenic cognition scale. CAM was extracted through principal component analysis and proposed as a 15-item questionnaire with five factors extracted through varimax rotation. Those five factors are power orientation, mollification, entitlement, mistrust toward authorities and short-term orientation. The results of CFA for CAM confirmed the proposed five-factor structure for the construct. Findings based on MANOVA further found that CAM differentiates between the thinking patterns of recidivists, convicts with multiple charges filed against them in current convictions and convicts with a familial criminal record. The findings of this study showed that CAM is a practical, valid and reliable instrument for measuring criminal thinking among convicts. Research limitations/implications In this study, using the survey method was inevitable because of the restrictions imposed by the granted permission. However, this time duration was extended because of the courtesy of the Superintendent and Deputy Superintendent of each jail. This study is focused on a male sample only, and the findings cannot be generalized to females. The phenomena proposed (based on large data sets) in this study can further be elaborated using qualitative research designs and methods (using a small sample with an in-depth study). So, it is also suggested to test this new instrument on a comparative study between prisoners and non-prisoners to explore whether scale can differentiate between these two groups. Practical implications A short-scale and easy-to-administer instrument was developed for assessing major criminogenic needs among convicts for prison management, i.e. assigning barracks, allocating treatment and also detecting changes in attitude after imprisonment. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first study to explore and validate the construct of criminal attitudes among convicts using both the EFA and CFA. A small and valid instrument facilitates the measurement of criminogenic needs among prisoners. Data was collected from all central jails in Punjab. This study explored comparatively less researched crime characteristics in a relatively large sample.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring criminal thinking among convicts imprisoned in Punjab prisons of Pakistan

Ishfaq,

Kamal

2023

JCP

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“…Prolonged exposure to social exclusion depletes an individual's resources for coping and may exacerbate SU and symptoms of mental health problems (MHP) (Reinhard et al, 2020). Existing studies report an association between CT and MHP (Butt et al, 2019; Carr et al, 2009; Ragatz et al, 2011).…”

Section: Criminal Thinkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Criminal thinking and psychosocial characteristics among young adults entering residential substance use treatment

Bakken

Lien

Fauske

et al. 2023

Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs

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Background and aim: Young adults with substance use (SU) problems face a high risk of co-occurring problems, including criminality. The aim of the present study was to assess the psychosocial characteristics, SU problems, and criminal thinking young adults entering SU treatment have, and whether the SU characteristics, sex and age are associated with criminal thinking scores. Methods: The sample was 407 young adults aged 16–29 years who underwent an entry assessment between January 2011 and December 2016 at a residential SU treatment institution in Norway. All study data were extracted from electronic health records, including survey information from the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment and the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles. Results: In the present sample, severe SU, high rates of psychosocial problems, and criminal thinking were reported. Almost three-quarters (72.67%) of young adults reported high levels of criminal thinking (≥60). However, male participants were more likely to report high levels of criminal thinking compared to female participants (p=0.031). In bivariate regression models, only sex and having stimulants/opioids as primary drug were associated with mean levels of criminal thinking. The same was true in the multiple regression model. Conclusion: Young adults in residential SU treatment are a multi-problem high-risk/high-need group of people. Due to the elevated levels of criminal thinking, we recommend that young adults in SU treatment should be screened for criminogenic treatment needs, such as criminal thinking, regardless of justice involvement.

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Role of behavioral sciences in development of professionalism among MBBS students

Cited by 2 publications

References 12 publications

Measuring criminal thinking among convicts imprisoned in Punjab prisons of Pakistan

Measuring criminal thinking among convicts imprisoned in Punjab prisons of Pakistan

Criminal thinking and psychosocial characteristics among young adults entering residential substance use treatment

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