Role of bismuth oxide as a reinforcer on gamma shielding ability of unsaturated polyester based polymer composites

Ambika, M.R.; Nagaiah, N.; Suman, Shankar

doi:10.1002/app.44657

Cited by 105 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Mao et al (2015) have studied the X-ray attenuation property of rubber nanocomposite containing Gd 2 O 3 nanoflakes which is found to exhibit X-ray attenuation property and a high tensile strength. Ambika et al (2016) have studied the gamma shielding property of unsaturated polyester resin-based nanocomposite containing bismuth oxide nanoparticles, with a shielding ability comparable to that of barite at low energies of gamma rays. Scuderi et al (2006) have studied the radiation protection efficacy of commercially available non-lead-based radiation protective garments such as Xenolite, EarthSafe and Demron against X-rays of energy 60-120 keV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, characterization and X-ray attenuation property of Gd2O3-based nanocomposites

2017

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In an attempt to develop an alternate to leadbased X-ray shielding material, we describe the X-ray attenuation property of nanocomposites containing Gd 2 O 3 as nanofiller and silicone resin as matrix, prepared by a simple solution-casting technique. Gd 2 O 3 nanoparticles of size 30 and 56 nm are used at concentrations of 25 and 2.5 wt%. The nanoparticles and the nanocomposites are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies, small angle X-ray spectroscopy (SAXS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The X-ray attenuation property of nanocomposites, studied using an industrial X-ray unit, shows that nanocomposites containing nanoparticles of size 56 nm (G2) exhibit better attenuation than nanocomposites containing nanoparticles of size 30 nm (G1), which is attributed to the greater interfacial interaction between the G2 nanofillers and silicone matrix. In the case of nanocomposites containing G1 nanoparticles, the interfacial interaction between the nanofiller and the matrix is so weak that it results in pulling out of nanofillers, causing voids in the matrix, which act as X-ray transparent region, thereby reducing the overall X-ray attenuation property of G1 nanocomposites. This is further corroborated from the AFM images of the nanocomposites. The weight loss and heat flow curves of pure silicone matrix and the nanocomposites containing Gd 2 O 3 nanoparticles of size 30 and 56 nm show the degradation of silicone resin, due to chain scission, between 403 and 622°C. The same onset temperature (403°C) of degradation of matrix with and without nanoparticles shows that the addition of nanofillers to the matrix does not deteriorate the thermal stability of the matrix. This confirms the thermal stability of nanocomposites. Therefore, our study shows that nanocomposites containing G2 nanoparticles are potential candidates for the development of X-ray opaque fabric material.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, characterization and X-ray attenuation property of Gd2O3-based nanocomposites

2017

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“…With different activities, ASSs are capable of chemically interacting with unbound polyester chain segments and styrene cross links. In the case of STO particles that have a higher number of ASSs as compared to TiO 2 , the particles interact more intensively with unbound polymer chain segments for C m > 1.5 % [10], and the ASS chemical bond to the chain segments leads to a reduction in I 3 (capture and annihilation of orto-positronium). It may be due to a reduction in the number of defects trapping positronium (N Ps ).…”

Section: The Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Filling of amorphous glasslike polymers (in particular, UPR) leads to restructuring of polyester and styrene chains, changing a number of unfixed fragments of macromolecule, appearance of double layers with internal electric fields. It has recently been shown that filling the UPR with either titania or silica-titania fumed oxide results in breaking the styrene cross-links and increasing a number of the unlinked moieties [10]. The dependencies of the physical parameters on filler content are characterized by a non-monotonic pattern which is clearly revealed at low filler content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonlinear Loading Effects in Oxide-filled Polyester Nanocomposites Observed by IR-spectroscopy and Lifetime Positron Spectroscopy

Gorelov¹,

Polovina²,

Gorb³

et al. 2018

ujms

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Impact of nanosized oxide particles of titania (rutile) (TiO 2) and silica-titania fumed compound on physical properties related to inner structure of a styrene-cross-linked polyester resin have been experimentally studied. The IR-spectroscopy and the positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PAL) were used to study the electronic polarizability of interatomic bonds and the positron annihilation processes with increasing the filler loading. All the nanocomposites show unmonotonous variations in the IR-absorption lines and the positron annihilation parameters. Three lifetime components, namely τ 1 , τ 2 , and τ 3 with intensities I 1 , I 2 , and I 3 have been determined. The lifetime loading dependences exhibit non-monotonous lowering within the low loading range (C m ≤ 5%) with the minima values at C m ∼ 1.5 % for the unfilled resin and the nanocomposites. The free-volume portion f v (in %) in a polymer matrix decreases droningly for the nanocomposites with STO-particles upon loading while for the TiO 2-nanocomposites it increases non-monotonously. The parameters describing the supramolecular structure of the nanocomposites have been calculated using the fractal approach. Some correlations between loading-dependent PAL-properties and underlying alterations in the resin's supramolecular structure have been discussed.

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“…• metal powders embedded in the polymeric matrices. Some of these solutions are already in commerce, e.g., tungsten-loaded polylactic acid for 3D-Printing [7]; • minerals included in polymeric matrices, typically high density oxides such as zinc oxide (ZnO), tin oxide (SnO 2 ) or bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ) [2,[8][9][10] and compounds of materials of the sixth period of the periodic table such as barium sulphate (BaSO 4 ) [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Weight, Easy Formable and Non-Toxic Polymer-Based Composites for Hard X-ray Shielding: A Theoretical and Experimental Study

Lopresti

Alberto²,

Cantamessa

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Composite lightweight materials for X-ray shielding applications were studied and developed with the goal of replacing traditional screens made of lead and steel, with innovative materials with similar shielding properties, but lighter, more easily formed and workable, with lower impact on the environment and reduced toxicity for human health. New epoxy based composites additivated with barium sulfate and bismuth oxide were designed through simulations performed with softwares based on Geant4. Then, they were prepared and characterized using different techniques starting from digital radiography in order to test the radiopacity of the composites, in comparison with traditional materials. The lower environmental impact and toxicity of these innovative screens were quantified by Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) calculation based on the ecoinvent database, within the openLCA framework. Optimized mixtures are (i) 20% epoxy/60% bismuth oxide/20% barite, which guarantees the best performance in X-ray shielding, largely overcoming steel, but higher in costs and a weight reduction of circa 60%; (ii) 20% epoxy/40% bismuth oxide/40% barite which has slightly lower performances in shielding, but it is lighter and cheaper than the first one and (iii) the 20% epoxy/20% bismuth oxide/60% barite which is the cheapest material, still maintaining the X-ray shielding of steel. Depending on cost/efficiency request of the specific application (industrial radiography, aerospace, medical analysis), the final user can choose among the proposed solutions.

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Role of bismuth oxide as a reinforcer on gamma shielding ability of unsaturated polyester based polymer composites

Cited by 105 publications

References 19 publications

Preparation, characterization and X-ray attenuation property of Gd2O3-based nanocomposites

Preparation, characterization and X-ray attenuation property of Gd2O3-based nanocomposites

Nonlinear Loading Effects in Oxide-filled Polyester Nanocomposites Observed by IR-spectroscopy and Lifetime Positron Spectroscopy

Light Weight, Easy Formable and Non-Toxic Polymer-Based Composites for Hard X-ray Shielding: A Theoretical and Experimental Study

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